Functionalist Views on Religion Essay

The functionalist view of religion stems from Durkheim who said that society is like the human body. He argued that that religion reinforces collective conscience that leads to a unity within society as a whole and that each member of the society is joined in solidarity, therefore it acts as glue. It does so by reinforcing social norms and values that bring the community together. It allows people to accept that society is about more than just the individual. However this can be questioned as western societies such as Britain are becoming increasingly secular. This means that they don’t believe in religion as much, and therefore how can religion act as a collective conscience. People are turning to science as a way of life, theories which head down the evolutionary approach. It suggests that the theory is out of date. Malinowski looked at the psychological function of religion. This looked at when things such as funerals and divorce occur. Religion acts as an act of hope which allows individuals to feel at ease when they are increasingly stressed out. They are brought together like a community within things like a funeral because it allows the individual to grieve but collectively with active members of the family and church/synagogue/mosque etc. At times of uncertainty and stress, religion helps people to gain control of themselves again, and community acts like funerals progress that. This is supported by the study of the Trobriand Islanders. The fisherman had a number of prayer rituals which they performed before going out to sea. They did this as a group of individuals to have a sense of a belonging to a community of fishermen. They would not perform these then they were sailing because of safety. Malinowski suggested that the threat of the open sea to them, was like a threat to the stability of their community and therefore they had to perform those prayer rituals to prevent that from happening. However Marxists would criticise this and say that actually religion teaches people social control. And actually when people have grieved at a funeral it doesn’t allow them to fully express their grief, they are socially controlled into â€Å"getting over it† which is morally wrong. Parsons agreed with Malinowski and Durkheim, but went further and suggested that religion provided answers to unanswered questions about the meaning of life, and about things like death, it also prevented anomie. He agreed that religion promotes social solidarity, and agreed that it helps in times of stress. EG during the Second World War, people began to gather together in churches as a community as a source of comfort. Bellah suggested that there were functional alternatives to religion known as â€Å"civil religion†, which brought whole countries together regardless of their faith but on behalf of a civil religion. He suggested that instead of religion facing secularisation it is facing transformation into isms such as Americanism. Uses religious images to promote national identity, EG in America having â€Å"God bless America† on coins or the Queen’s coronation in Britain. It is an act that allows the country to come together without questions of ethnicity, gender, religion etc. The functionalist theory of religion benefits wider society and the individual through marriage, bar mitzvahs, christenings, pilgrimages to Mecca/Lourdes, praying the holy books – Quran, Bible, Torah, and things like hymns. Religion helps to bring communities together and also helps individuals who may not feel wanted, welcomed into religious practices. However, contemporary examples suggest that religion doesn’t bind people together at all; in fact it allows the complete opposite. For example, in Northern Ireland there is conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants, which suggests that religion doesn’t help equality between religious groups. And as functionalism is a consensus theory it is doing the actual opposite – allowing conflict. Functionalism has been criticised because of today’s multicultural society. Theorists such as post-modernists are questioning whether religion can actually integrate a multi-faith society, where lots of small groups have different religious views. They would agree that Durkheim’s view of religion was accurate for a primitive society but not for a complex society such as today. Many other theorists have criticised functionalists and their theories about religion. Marxists would argue that religion oppresses groups of women and the poor, so how can religion benefit the individual or society. If an individual is being separated due to his/her gender and class then how can religion allow them to fit into a community when the elites would look down upon them. People recognise that Bellah’s approach of civil religion begins to overcome the problem, but again can something like Americanism be considered as a religion, especially if there is no belief in he supernatural? Some people would argue that religion is spread as a plan to spring hatred on one group of people. It benefits one group but puts down another. Today’s example would be of Pastor Terry Jones, wanting to burn the Quran. He brought about this plan to make Muslims angry, and therefore how can a group of Muslims be part of a community when someone in a position like his can provide such hatred for another religious group. It goes back to the question of integrating a multi-faith society. Granted that the church proposing this was small, but sometimes minority influence has an impact which is why it was all over the media. This provides evidence that religion isn’t able to benefit society or an individual because certain groups are always made to feel alienated, from a mainstream trend. To conclude, religion is inevitably able to help people in terms of crises, and does prevent anomie, but on the other hand it does allow for social cohesion to break down, as hatred for religious groups grow subtly in countries.

Effects of Hormones in Our Food

In 2006 our world’s human population was approximately 6. 7 billion. It is projected to increase to 9. 2 billion by 2050. With this many people in the world you need a substantial amount of food to feed them. But, this leads to a problem in the food industry. Animals do not grow fast enough in order to meet these high demands. In order to compensate for the lack of supply of food the farmers need to somehow make their animals grow faster. For the solution they introduced the use of hormones. These hormones include estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, zeranol, trenbolone acetate and melengesterol acestate. Some of these hormones are found naturally in humans and some are synthetic growth promoters. But, is it safe for these foods to be consumed by people; and do they have any effects on our bodies? First, let’s define the term hormone. Hormones are chemicals that are produced naturally by our bodies and in the bodies of animals. They are released into our blood by the organs that produce them and they travel to different parts of the body. They affect body functions such as growth, development and reproduction. So how are these hormones beneficial to food producers? Well, they improve the meat quality, increase feed efficiency, reduce costs for producers, increase slaughter time and increase animal growth cycles; to name a few. Let’s take a closer look at the specific hormones used in this industry. Estradiol, in the human body, is a form of estrogen, a female sex hormone produced by the ovaries. Estradiol is used to treat symptoms of menopause, prevention of osteoporosis, replacement of estrogen in women with ovarian failure and sometimes used as a cancer treatment. Progesterone is used to cause menstrual periods in women. It is also used to prevent overgrowth in the lining of the uterus. Testosterone is a sex hormone that is produced in male testicles. It is used to treat conditions in males such as delayed puberty, impotence, or other hormonal imbalances. Is it also used in women to treat breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Zeranol is a potent nonsteroidal growth promoter that mimics many of the effects of estradiol. It is used extensively in the United States and Canada to promote rapid and more efficient growth rates in animals. Trenbolone Acetate is a potent androgen that produces very strong anabolic activity. It is primarily used to buildup muscle mass. Melengestrol acetate is a synthetic progestin used primarily for the suppression of estrus in heifers; it also helps animals to gain weight faster and limit the amount of feed eaten. Yes, all these hormones prove to be beneficial to producers in many ways. But, our society today is focused on eating at fast food restaurants and eating lots of meat products. These hormones used are usually still detectable in the meat that we consume. Now ask yourself; how much meat do you eat in a week? A month? A year? Think about how much of those hormones you are ingesting into your body. Yes, they are at low levels but if you eat these products constantly on a regular basis your body is being exposed to a high amount of these hormones which can alter your body functions. For example, according to the National Toxicology Program at the National Institutes of Health, estradiol and progesterone are considered probable carcinogens. Estrogen has been linked to breast cancer in women and testosterone with prostate cancer in men. Progesterone has been found to increase the growth of ovarian, breast and uterine tumors. Expert D. Lindsey Berkson, author of Hormone Deception, worry that hormones in food could be at least partly responsible for early puberty. The average age for a girl’s fist period is now between 12. 5 to 12. 9 for Caucasian girls and around 12. 2 for African American girls; which are significantly younger than previous years.

Massive Software: A Film Innovation

It has been noted that crowds are an important feature in everyday living. Collectively, people assemble together in order to observe, protest, or celebrate various happening.Since the 19th century, crowds have become one of the most important objects of scientific inquiry, as realistically speaking, they share a collective behavior within the environment where a certain event is taking place (Magnenat-Thalmann, 2001).Nonetheless, crowd formation has been an imperative factor in the film industry. It plays a significant role in providing realistic approach for building large scenes that require numerous people in order to carry out the objective of stimulating the emotions of the audiences to make them feel as if such events are actually taking place.Back then, in order to carry out large-scale production scenes such as battle sequences and stadium spectators, myriads of extras are commissioned. One of the many disadvantages of such commissioning is apparent in the amount of time and finances it consumes.Realistically, two or three days of the scheduled production are wasted just to move the extras around the locations. At times, given directions are not followed by the extras most especially in terms of behaviors and reactions required in the set.These are just some of the key issues faced by most of production teams. However, with the advent of a technology called â€Å"Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment† or â€Å"Massive Software,† as it is popularly referred to, enhanced creativity as well as faster and efficient production can now be achieved.Massive software is the fruition of the five years work of software developer and crowd specialist Stephen Regelous. The said technology is identified as a high-end computer simulation and visualization system that serves as the solution for generating massive yet realistic crowds, capable of performing reactions and behaviors. Instead of developing animated characters that are neede d to be manipulated all throughout, Massive creates autonomous agents, which can be people, animals, or even non-human characters.The use of fuzzy logic by Massive enables the agents to respond to their environment, and their reactions can simulate emotive qualities ranging from bravery to fear. As each agent is designed in accordance to arranged set up, massive agents are more unique and less robotic compared to other animated characters. In addition to this, Massive’s dynamic features also include smart stunts and cloth simulation which add up to the realistic environment created by Massive itself (Massive Software, 2009).First used in the feature film â€Å"Lord of the Rings† trilogy, Massive is considered as an invaluable technology that helped in shaping the epic battle in the said movie. Compared to traditional movie casting, the Lord of the Rings trilogy managed to deviate away from the customary commissioning of hundreds of actors in order to give life to some of the most intense sequences in the story through the use of Massive (Bares, 2005).Additionally, Massive is not only a crowd tool but also a tool for choreography, allowing directors to have a qualitative edge on their films. On an actual shoot, directors continuously give instructions to actors together with the extras. With the vast number of people, the scene would not eventually work as is.However, such is not the case with Massive. Through the said software, directors can move the camera as needed and at the same time put the agents with sophisticated behavior without necessarily repeating the scenes all over again (Bares, 2005).Currently, Massive is being used in many productions, may it be feature films or commercials, due to its capability to produce photo-real crowd and intense cinematic quality scenes that were never possible before (Bares, 2005).Massive is also being introduced to non-entertainment markets, specifically in fields that require strong visual effects such a s engineering and architecture, as it is perceived as a transformative technology that could impact buildings and public space design, pedestrian planning, disaster prevention and recovery, consumer behavior research, environmental impacts, and other life sciences (Thomson Reuters, 2009).In general, the introduction of Massive Software in the film industry is a premiere solution to the issue of crowd-related visual effects in both film and television. The said innovative technology marks a great change in the entertainment history as a whole because it deviates from the traditional commissioning of extras which are usually unmanageable and costly. Similarly, not only is Massive a solution to crowd effects, but it is also perceived as a useful tool in various fields, as it helps to produce a much more efficient and flexible outputs.   

A Raisin in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Raisin in the Sun - Essay Example Mr. Younger (Big Walter) and Mrs. Lena Younger had once dreamed of home ownership as she reveals to Ruth in Act I, scene 1: â€Å"We was goin’ to set away little by little and buy a little place out in Morgan Park. Had even picked out the house †¦ you should know all the dreams I had about buyin’ that house and fixin’ it up; makin’ me a little garden in the back †¦ And didn’t none of it never happen† (Hansberry 69). Lena and her husband soon discovered that there wasn’t anything left over each week to save. That Lena and Big Walter struggled their entire lives to provide shelter for their children and could never manage anything greater than the small two bedroom apartment that they â€Å"wasn’t planning on living here no more than a year† (Hansberry 44) indicates the struggle they had just to survive. Their inability to attain the house of their dreams was not the result of a lack of effort but instead the resu lt of a lack of opportunity. To buy the house now would simply ensure the family remains slaves to the house. Lena’s daughter, Beneatha, feels the money should be spent on her medical education. As a doctor, she is assured to make enough money to support the rest of the family while they seek their dreams. However, the medical profession was not an accepted occupation for a woman so Beneatha’s success was not guaranteed and the money would be wasted if she fails. Beneatha feels bounded by poverty and her gender as expressed to Joseph Asagai in Act I, scene 2. She tells him â€Å"Go ahead and laugh – but I’m not interested in being someone’s little episode in America† (Hansberry 92). Not only race but gender serves to bind her into a cultural definition she constantly struggles against. Walter, Lena’s son, feels the best way for him to help the family succeed is to go into business for himself as only entrepreneurs make any money. This is

Colour Metaphor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Colour Metaphor - Essay Example On the other hand, the colour words themselves have traditional linguistic expression which is symbolic to what colour represent in a particular culture. Some times colour words take connotation and other times they are fixed linguistically. Simply, the way I understand it is when two unlike things are compared, like common concepts help to explain the less known concepts. I am writing concepts because I agree with Lakoff's (1977) theory where he suggests that Metaphors are "fundamentally conceptual, not linguistic, in nature" (Lakoff, in Ortony, 1993, p.244). He further divided the metaphors in categories, conceptual metaphor and image metaphor only because they acquire different mapping processes. He states that conceptual metaphors "map one conceptual domain onto another" (ibid, p.229). Zoltn (2002) contribution to the theory of conceptual metaphors cannot be ignored. He defines it as "understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain." Zoltn (2002, p .4). Conceptual metaphors have two particular domains; one is named as source domain, "the conceptual domain from which we draw metaphorical expressions to understand another conceptual domain." Another is target domain which "we try to understand through the use of the source domain." Zoltn (2002, p. 4). ... 4). Explaining it further Zoltn (2002) says that, "Conceptual metaphors typically employ a more abstract concept as target, and a more concrete or physical concept as their source." Metaphors do not work in isolation rather "people need a combination of a mutual cognitive environment to understand each other successfully." say Sperber and Wilson (1986). Focusing further they insisted that language is a "community's store of established knowledge," and one can only make use of it if possesses relative knowledge by experience. Best explained by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) say, "You don't have a choice whether to think metaphorically. Because metaphorical maps are part of our brains, we think and speak metaphorically whether we want to or not. () Further since our brains are embodied, our metaphors will reflect our commonplace experiences in the world." Firstly, all colours have ideal comprehension but it is not necessary that they portray only one meaning. Black and White are the basic colours, and red, blue, green and yellow are known as primary colours. Secondly, we are individually and culturally fashioned to use metaphors, which have some connection with neurology. Different cultures have different ways of associating with certain colour and that effect shows in their colour words. Let's see how; Black The colour black is associated with death and mourning in Western cultures. Basically its connection with darkness is literal and at the same time metaphorical. Mystery, evil and fear are attached to it because all kinds of strange activities take place in the night, which is dark. Few metaphors used are the pot calling the kettle black, accusing someone without looking at your own deeds. Black day, black look, black mood, black humours are other

CIPD Diploma (Human Resource Practice Course ) Essay

CIPD Diploma (Human Resource Practice Course ) - Essay Example Coaching the line managers is therefore crucial especially when it comes to performance management. Line managers also need the help of HR professionals in dealing with disagreements since the HR are skilled in problem-solving and well versed with organization policies and procedures. Senior managers on the other hand, need HR to be business partners. This requires HR to develop deep understanding of the business and its context. They also need the HR to challenge them where possible so that they can know where they are going wrong when making decisions. The HR/L &D needs to prioritize the needs of service users effectively. When faced with conflicting needs from the different service users, HR needs to know how to handle the situation by applying their knowledge and competencies. The CIPD profession Map is crucial in acquiring such competencies. For example, a senior manager may want a manpower report for last year to present in a meeting in the afternoon, and at the same time an employee has come to complain about harassment by her boss while a line manager has come to complain about performance of a certain employee. How does the HR prioritize such needs? In this case, first HR should look at the urgency and importance of the need. While harassment and employee performance are as important as the manpower report, the HR should prepare the report first due to its urgency. Furthermore, the other two needs can follow laid down rules and procedures. HR should then start investigations on the harassment issue and arrange for a discipl inary committee meeting at a later date where witnesses can produce evidence. While this is ongoing, HR can convene a meeting between line manager and underperforming employee to establish the source of the problem and offer solutions. This will ensure all the needs of the service users are met in a timely manner without favoring one user over the others. Make all users feel they are equally important and that

Incivility and Resolution Using an Ethical-Reasoning Tool Assignment

Incivility and Resolution Using an Ethical-Reasoning Tool - Assignment Example The nurse experienced embarrassment as there were a lot of other nurses and around (Clark, 2008). Example 2: A nursing staff member was shouted at loudly in front of all other nurses during a training session for nurses working in a healthcare setting. As a result, the nursing staff member started focusing on coping strategy instead of focusing on the lecture being taught. Example 3: During a meeting between the head of different departments of a healthcare setting, the Nursing department’s head raised his hand to provide insight regarding the issue being discussed. He was not acknowledged and his gesture of raising hand was ignored by the director of the healthcare institute. The National League for Nursing has devised a toolkit to counter issues such as incivility in healthcare settings (NLN, 2013). This tool kit has provided with several ways through which various concerns of healthcare settings can be resolved. The toolkit deals with issues such as compensation and benefits, leadership, healthcare setting’s environment and

Research Topic Literature Exploration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Topic Literature Exploration - Essay Example Other than that working outside in long hour jobs, pursuing other interests, sibling rivalry and lack of interest on the parts of parents to take keen interest in children’s school work results in dropouts (Ash, Katie). What should be: There is need to mark future dropouts. Building an early warning data system and a two-fold agenda of high standards and high graduation rates can help in decreasing high school dropouts. Schools should provide a pleasant experience to students through their operational activities to obstruct the speed of dropouts. Data collection on high school dropouts is very important and should not be skipped. Checklist approach to know the students at risk of dropping out of school should not be the only alterative method to know future dropouts, as it has its own drawbacks. An alternative checklist should be prepared to analyze the data on comparison between two groups -- dropouts and graduates, called â€Å"regression analysis† to develop a â€Å"statistically generated prediction formula.† Longitudinal data helps in assessing risk factors; On track indicators used by preventive programs should be used to bring down dropout rates (Craig D. Jerald). What should be? Research on instructional and structural strategies to inculcate reading and writing skills among students suggests that motivational and self-directed learning can be an easy and effective way by allowing them freedom of reading time and providing range in reading besides giving them freedom to select research and writing topics (Biancarosa, Gina). Strategic tutoring -- It also helps students not only in completing particular tasks but helps them in writing independently. Strategic tutoring provides customized help to students – identifying and focusing their weak areas such as poor writing skills (Biancarosa, Gina). Intensive writing – It requires integration of writing with reading comprehension for which reading instructions should be clear and specific

The economics of End Stage Renal Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The economics of End Stage Renal Disease - Essay Example as enabled the government to control the costs they incur by revision of the delay of treatment services to patients who are not covered by the medical scheme (Kovner, Knickman and Weisfield, 2011). An organization providing ESRD treatment is likely to increase their earnings before deducting the interest they attract on borrowed finances, taxation, depreciations and amortization. With the control of the CMS, it intends to exert on achieving a breakdown of the costs, the organizations will tend to suffer losses. The eventual close down of the service providers will come as a result along with a decline of the quality they dispense. The financial burdens of the disease are also given to commercial and private dispensers to reduce the authorities cost (McKenzie, Pinger and Kotecki, 2011). The major purpose of having the legislation is to ensure that the rates of reimbursement equal the costs incurred in the provision of these services. The patients of the chronic disease are required to join government-sponsored schemes such as Medicare and Medicaid services for them to attain cheaper and subsidized treatment. They can also go for treatment in authorized institutions that dispense the treatment. By joining these schemes, they will be able to acquire the necessary treatment easily, and increase the costs they will incur due to the profits the organization requires. This is because of the governments regulation and subsidies that affect the provision of treatment. Joining of insurance schemes is also another way that patients can be assisted to acquire affordable, high quality and accessible treatment (Milstead, 2004). This is because the companies direct the patients to the best facilities and assist in covering the costs they incur. The provision of the medical facilities by the government ensures that all the patients in their population requiring treatment for the disease get it cheaply and easily. However, patients who are over sixty-five years of age will not

Langkawi Island Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Langkawi Island - Essay Example In the eight intervening years, I have learned that tourism has begun to soar on Langkawi Island. I look forward to returning someday so that I can witness the immense progress that has taken place since I was last there. One of the most enthralling experiences that can be had on Langkawi Island is to witness the vastness of the rainforest from the Langkawi Sky Bridge. This is the perfect place in which to gain a true understanding of the awe and wonder that this setting provides. The Langkawi Cable Car provides an equally stunning view of the horizon. There are a number of stations along the way allowing travelers to spend time to take in the gorgeous views of the skyline and beyond. I myself took full advantage of this opportunity when I was there, and I have to say that the views on offer are priceless and well worth the cost. Apart from the Sky Bridge, Langkawi also has the Kilim Karst Geoforest Park, which showcases the rich wildlife that the island is so famous for. Just walking through the park gives a thrilling yet scary feeling, somewhat like the Jurassic Park film. Further into the park are many limestone caves, which are a sight to behold. Many of the caves cannot be entered by tourists for the simple fact that they must be preserved in pristine condition, but they are simply fascinating to look at even from a distance. The radiating glow emanating from the caves is spellbinding, and something that everyone should at least experience one in their lives. The southern islands of Langkawi are densely populated with tourists due to the many number of beaches on offer. One beach in particular, Pantai Cenang, seemingly goes on forever. The fine white sand allows you to walk smoothly along the beach during an evening stroll. This beach is also host to many bars and restaurants, making it the ideal spot for tourists looking to have a good time. A

Ap English Language Composition Free

Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Essay Would the process be worthwhile? It would. According to the Environmental Defense Fund, or EDF, â€Å"†¦ we can solve climate change, invest in a clean energy future, and save billions in imported oil† (Samuelson). Many argue that the United States government cannot afford to become involved in energy initiatives and anti-global warming legislation; to counter, what other alternatives does the nation have? With the typical â€Å"family spend[ing] about $1,900 per year on home utility bills,† energy is costing this nation a fortune (â€Å"Energy Savers†). â€Å"With 2. people ii the average household,† family spending would drop from $1,900 per year to $91. 25 per year (Samuelson). To say our government cannot afford this concept is an inaccurate, false, misguided statement. However, would America’s efforts alone be enough? After all, this is a global issue. The Energy Information Administration states â€Å"the United States, China, Russia, Japan, and India †¦ account for fifty-four percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (graph). In contrast, recent polls express that Americans are not the only ones interested in energy conservation (graph). The â€Å"Gallup Polls conducted in 2007 show that† America, Japan, China, Russia, and India have all attempted to reduce negative environmental impacts by the following: â€Å"using less water in [the] household†, avoiding â€Å"using certain products that harm the environment†, â€Å"voluntarily recycle[ing] newspapers, glass, aluminum, motor oil, [etc. ]†, and some have even involved themselves â€Å"in a group or organization that works to protect the environment† (graph). While Americans, Japanese, Chinese, Indians, and Russians attempt to save money by reducing energy usage, Singapore offers citizens monetary tax cuts on energy efficient cars Webber). Not only does Singapore offer tax cuts to those who keep the environment clean, they also financially punish those who pollute the environment with â€Å"gas-guzzling engines† (Webber). Innovation and inspiration—the combination that makes America unbeatable (Friedman). By drafting energy conservation and anti-global warming legislation, the American government will allow the planet to prosper. Better for the planet, better for the people, better for you—the American government needs to take an active role in promoting a â€Å"green revolution†.

Public Library Essay Example for Free

Public Library Essay Library is something which has a lot of importance in everyone’s life. And specially in the life of school going children’s. It is responsible for teaching those children the moral values which are required a lot in further run of their life. Library is something whose importance cannot be neglected at any point of life. I consider myself to be very lucky as I was being provided with one of the best library by my school. My school had a big and efficient library. Almost all sorts of books required by student’s could be found in that library. And also there were many different types of magazines and newspapers in our library. We had a different room known as Reading Room adjacent to our library. It was the place where we used to take our books for reading them or making notes. No one was allowed to read books in library instead of teachers. Students till class 10th had two library period in a week. They had permission to issue books during those two periods only. Also they had to return the issued book within 15 days. No student till class 10th was allowed to keep books for more than 15 days. Keeping books with themselves for more than 15 days would require the student to pay a fine of Rs5 a day for each extra day. But this was not the case with senior students or students of class 11th-12th they were allowed to issue books whenever they wanted. There was no specific Library period for senior students. Also they had the permission to keep books with themselves till they want. They had to return books only during the time of examination. There were different sections in our library which were divided according to classes. The section for senior students mostly consisted of reference books. But they too had an option of issuing novels and other story books. Although due to study pressure there was hardly any student who issued novels or story books. Everyone issued references.

Performance Appraisal: Textile Sector

Performance Appraisal: Textile Sector The present study was under taken with such a task in mind and it aims at unearthing the strengths and weakness of the current performance appraisal system in textile industry Coimbatore that is prevalent in the organization that sponsored this research work. Since organizations exist to achieve goals. The degree of success that individual employees have in reaching their individuals goals is important in determining organizational effectiveness. The assessment of how successful employees have been at meeting their individual goals, therefore, becomes a critical part of Human Resource Management. This leads us to the topic of Performance Appraisal. This project aims at knowing Performance Appraisal System in this research has studied the work atmosphere and the welfare measures provided by the organization. It also aims at finding out the employees relationship with the management. This survey is done within the organization. The sample size is 110. The data was collected by administering questionnaire and by adopting direct personal contact method. The persons met are all employees of the industry. Collections of data were analyzed and tabulated in a sequential manner and the interpretations are given along with the tabulation. The conclusion observations are also given in this report for the improvement of this system in the organization. Key Words: Appraiser, Self reliant, Appraisal, Judgmental, Distributive, Interactional INTRODUCTION The performance appraisal plays a vital role in identifying the productivity of workers; it also helps the company for its overall growth. It is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development. Performance appraisal is generally done in systematic ways which are as follows, the supervisors measure the pay of employees and compare it with targets and plans, the supervisor analyses the factor behind work performance of employees, and the employees are in the position to guide the employees for a better performance. In India, Textile Industry is one of the oldest and foremost industries and it provides tremendous opportunities for employment and huge amount as revenue. The Indian Government is also playing a major role in promoting the textile industries. Cotton is the most popular fiber and used to make clothing. Textile Industry is providing one of the most basic needs of people and it hold import ance. Maintain sustained growth for improving quality of life. It has a unique position as a self-reliant industry, from the production of raw materials to the delivery of finished products, with substantial value-addition at each stage of processing; it is a major contribution to the countrys economy. TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN COIMBATORE: Coimbatore is called the South Indian Manchester. The climate in Coimbatore city is very favorable for the development of textile industries. The easy availability of raw materials, sufficient skilled laborers, humid and soft wind prevailing in Coimbatore district are the other major factors for the development of the textile industry in Coimbatore. There are 98 textile firms in Coimbatore district in which few of the industry are taken into account for the study on the same. India has abundant natural resources in terms of availability of natural fibers like cotton, silk, wool etc. India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world and accounts for about 12% of the total world production. The availability of cheap cotton has been one of the biggest advantages to Indian exporters. OBJECTIVES To study about the employees opinion about performance appraisal. To gain practical knowledge about the various factors that forms part of performance appraisal To study about how they view the present appraisal method To provide opportunities for the employees to express their ideas REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M., Porter, L.M. 1979 an employees perception of justice in the performance appraisal process will also affect the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process. Justice is thought to have three categories, procedural, distributive, and interactional justice. In a performance appraisal setting, a lack of justice in one area is predicted to have the same effect as a violation of justice in all areas. If an employee perceives that the system processes are fair, the supervisors efforts to distribute rewards and punishments based on outcomes of the process, and that the employee is treated fairly, the employees perception of justice will be high. Craig Eric Schneier and Richard W. Beatty, July 1979 Despite its standard practice in most public and private organizations for more than 50 years, performance appraisal still has many problems. Raters show resistance to criticizing subordinates, and the judgmental aspect of evaluating human performance is subject to both covert (subjective and individual) and overt (prejudice and bias) errors. Raters often arent trained in employee counseling and may be forced to conduct performance appraisals with inadequate or erroneous information about rate performance. American Institutes for Research, Washington, D.C.: AIR, 1979 In a 1984 study in New England, 16 raters (Extension administrators designated by their state Extension director as having agent performance appraisal responsibility) completed EABRARS on 141 rural New England Extension agents.5 Reliability analysis of the total ratings indicated that EABRARS was an internally consistent, highly reliable instrument. Differences between New England agents were detected at the .05 confidence level with respect to age, subject-matter area, years of experience, and state of employment. Nemeroff Wexley, 1979 study shows that employees are likely to feel more satisfied with their appraisal result if they have the chance to talk freely and discuss their performance. It is also more likely that such employees will be better able to meet future performance goals. Employees are also more likely to feel that the appraisal process is fair if they are given a chance to talk about their performance. This especially, when they are permitted to challenge and appeal against their evaluation. Proper feedback has to be given about their performance to the appraises. Robert M. Guion, the State of the Art, November 5-6, 1982, pp. 3-4Twenty years ago, nearly all civil servants in the central government of OECD member countries were paid according to service-incremental salary scales. This is not to say that civil servants previously lacked performance incentives. Promotions, and especially those into senior management, were rigorously controlled, serving partly as an incentive but partly also as a way of ensuring the independence of the public service with regard to the executive and thus its ability to serve governments of different political persuasions. Remuneration has been seen as an alternative or a complementary incentive to promotion. Socio-economic pressures have led to the need for types of incentives other than promotion to strengthen performance management. Craig Eric Schneier and Richard W. Beatty, May 1988 To try to rectify some of the problems, Smith and Kendall developed Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales, better known as BARS. The BARS format deals with measurable behaviors, not personality, provides raters and rates with clear statements of performance goals, and is based on a specific, thorough job analysis. Using BARS, raters focus on specific rate behaviors. These behaviors are compared to specific examples (job dimensions and anchors developed from the job analysis) that provide concrete benchmarks for making appraisal judgments. BARS are mainly used to measure the behaviors of rates. Dulewicz (1989), a basic human tendency to make judgments about those one is working with, as well as about oneself. Appraisal, it seems, is both inevitable and universal. In the absence of a carefully structured system of appraisal, people will tend to judge the work performance of others, including subordinates, naturally, informally and arbitrarily. This study, by Heneman, Greenberger Anonyou (1989) reported that in groupers are subordinates who seem to be favored by their supervisors. In their relationship with the boss, they enjoy a high degree of trust, interaction, support and rewards. Tsui, A.S. OReilly, C.A. 1989 most studies focus on the performance appraisal where the supervisor evaluates his or her employees. In this paper, based upon two research projects, we look at both sides of the coin. In one study subordinates evaluated their supervisors, in the other one the focus was upon supervisors perception of their subordinates. The contribution aims to determine whether age-related stereotyping plays a significant role in performance appraisals. In both studies, it was determined whether the assesses age is negatively related with the assessors view on his or her competencies. Age is taken into consideration for appraisal rating in the above study. Longenecker (1989) argues that accuracy in performance appraisal is impossible to achieve, since people play social and political games, and they protect their own interests. No savvy manager, says Longenecker, is going to use the appraisal process to shoot himself or herself in the foot.Accuracy in performance appraisal is a major drawback to the system. Recent research (Bannister Balkin, 1990) has reported that appraisees seem to have greater acceptance of the appraisal process, and feel more satisfied with it, when the process is directly linked to rewards. Such findings are a serious challenge to those who feel that appraisal results and reward outcomes must be strictly isolated from each other. Rewards and work performance are directly linked with each other. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: The study was more of a descriptive in nature and it was the survey research design that was used in, by taking a sample of elements at one point of time. The researcher adopted this type of research design to systematically gather the information from the respondents for the purpose of understanding and predicting some aspects concerned with the performance appraisal system in their organization. The sample unit of the study was 110 employees of Textile Company in Coimbatore Primary data: Primary data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data: Secondary data has been collected from the books, journals, project reports and Internet. Data was collected through structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three parts First section dealt with the queries relating to the personal details of the employees Second section dealt with the queries relating to the awareness about performance appraisal Third section dealt with queries relating to views about the present appraisal system. TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS: The primary data for the study was collected through structured questionnaire and has been analyzed using percentages and represented by pie charts and bar diagrams are used wherever necessary. Mean score value has also been used. 1) Score value = No. of respondents*score Mean score value = score value/No. of respondents 2) Percentage value = no of respondents/total no of respondent*100 CHI-SUARE [X2] TEST: X2 test is based on the Chi- Square distribution and it is a parametric test. It is used for comparing a sample variance to a theoretical population variance. In a non- parametric test, no assumption about the parameters of the population is made. These tests have become very popular because, they can be applied in any type of distribution, they are easy to compute and they can be used in situations when parametric test cannot be applied. Conditions to be satisfied for applying chi-square test Data should have been collected at random. Items constituting the sample should be independent. The total number of items should be at least 50. From the chart above it is understood that most of the employees in textile industry fall under the category of the age group between 46-55 years and also most of the employees are from the under graduate background. TABLE INDICATING THE YEARS OF SERVICE AND THE INCOME OF EMPLOYEES: From the chart above it is clearly understood that the workers with more than 10 years of experience only earning a return of Rs. 8001 and more. The employees with more years of service are expected to perform well as they have very good experience in their work. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The ranking of factors given by the respondents show that behavior with peers, dependability, behavior and attitude towards superiors, initiative, and attendance were ranked very high. They felt those factors have to be given higher weightages in the appraisal form. There are respondents who have ranked quality of work and cooperation on lower side. There were respondents who felt that all the factors in the appraisal system should be given equal weightage and there was no meaning in awarding high weightages to few factors. OPINION ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL RATING The above table clearly shows that opportunities to increase job satisfaction, need of appraisal for employee, encouragement by raters and knowledge about the appraisal system, are high for employees. Assistance by organization, monetary reward unbiased assessment and satisfaction with the present system were rated average. This may be due to reasons like the employees are not given feedback about their performance since it is maintained confidentially. But the need of appraisal, knowledge about system, encouragement and opportunities to employees were rated high because they want to know about their work performance. CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS GENDER AND YEARS OF SERVICE TEST STATISTIC: Null hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant relationship between gender and years of service. Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a close relationship between gender and years of service. RESULT: The result that the calculated value is less than the tabulated value, we accept the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no significant difference between the gender and years of service. MARITAL STATUS AND MONTHLY INCOME (in Rs) TEST STATISTIC RESULT: The result that the calculated value is more than the tabulated value, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Therefore there is a significant difference between the marital status and monthly income. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS: From the study it if found out that, most of the respondents feel that the appraisal system creates confidence and hence increase the production level of the employees which in turn will increase their income in one hand. Many employees in the textile industry are not aware of the errors that is caused by performance appraisal like halo effect, horns effect, central tendency and leniency. Majority of them have no idea about errors and its types in the appraisal system. Good training can help improve the appraisal system to prevent errors while rating. Raters are expected to observe the performance in order to judge ones effectiveness and skill in the work condition. Also the superior should avoid bias in appraising their subordinates. The system could be made open to a possible extent and discussions could be encouraged. The employees can come to know about their performance appraisal, how are they rated and what other improvements they can do to their performance. The organization m ight take up steps to arrange discussions and make the employee aware of how he is getting along and what improvements he needs, where and how he can best utilize his capabilities and skills. Most traditional methods emphasize either the task or the personality of the individual while making an appraisal. In such evaluations, bias always prevails. To bring about a balance the evaluation of task and personality and the modern methods of appraisal by results of MBO can be used. Performance appraisal motivates employees and influences their productivity and ensures that they are producing at acceptable levels. Performance evaluation system could be linked to company objectives to get better results and good performance of the employees. Effectiveness of any appraisal system depends on how all the users of the system understand the purposes, accept and strive for achieving them. For designing any system, employee and managerial performance should be taken into consideration. From the study, it is found that feedback to the employees is not proper in the organization. Periodical and routine feedback can be given to the employees for their good performance in the work, which motivates the employee to enrich the relationship between the superiors and subordinates.

Essay example --

Konsep pembelajaran sepanjang hayat (PSH) ataupun lifelong learning bukanlh merupakan satu perkara yang asing lagi dalam sistem pendidikan negara ekoran daripada perubahan persekitaran baru di mana sekotor ekonomi pada sekarang berasaskan pengetahuan atau K-ekonomi menjadi keutamaan. Justeru itu, institut pendidikan guru hendaklah menerapkan nilai pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan kemahiran untuk berfikir pada aras tinggi (KBAT). Budaya ilmu ini sangat penting, oleh itu, pengamalan budaya membaca dalam kalangan guru pelatih telah lama dipraktikkan oleh warga IPG malah ia sudah menjadi sebahagian intipati budaya oleh IPG. Di samping itu pelajar-pelajar di IPG bukan sahaja diterapkan dengan nilai pembelajaran sepanjang hayat sahaja, malah guru-guru pelatih di IPG juga telah dilatih untuk meningkatkan teknik pengajaran dalam bilik darjah. Keberkesanan aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bilik darjah juga akan memberikan impak maksima kepada pelajar keraana persekitaran pembelajara n yang kondusif akan memudahkan para pelajar untuk lebih cekap dalam menimba ilmu. Oleh itu, bakal guru yang menuntut di IPG juga diajar dengan pelbagai jenis dan kemahiran mengajar untuk menarik minat pelajar semasa proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran di dalam kelas. Contohnya, penggunaan alat bantu pengajaran telah memudahkan lagi kerja guru dalam menyampaikan pengajarannya dan kaedah melakukan kerja dalam kumpulan juga telah mewujudkan suasana yang seronok untuk belajar dalam kalangan pelajar. Dengan ini guru bukan sahaja melahirkan insan yang berilmu tinggi malah mengamalkan budaya pembelajaran sepanjang hayat agar modal insan yang dihasilkan kelak akan dapat memacu kegemilangan negara sehingga ke peringkat global. Hal ini adalah sangat wajar kerana... ...dunia juga bermaksud kemampuan dan pencapaian cemerlang Malaysia dalam membangunkan sektor pendidikan negara agar kita dapat mempellopori perubahan dan kemajuan dinamis iaitu pembangunan tenaga manusia, kecemerlangan budaya fikir dan pembangunan teknologi dan sains. Jika system pendidikan disusun dengan dirangka dengan telus dan terbaik, maka negara kita akan dapat mengurangkan lagi kadar buta huruf yang berlaku kepada pelajar terutamanya kepada mereka yang bersekolah di kawasan luar bandar. Pendidikan bertaraf dunia juga merupakan satu komitmen dan usaha Kementerian Pendidikan bagi memperbaik kualiti pendidikan negara agar ia dapat dilonjakkan kepada satu standard yang tinggi dan mampu menyaingi negara-negara maju yang lain, pendidikan juga merupakan salah satu langkah penting untuk mengangkat martabat dan status Malaysia salam dunia pendidikan di peringkat global.

The Evolution of Jousting Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Evolution of Jousting Picture, if you will, a knight in shining armor charging on his noble steed down the open stretch toward his enemy. From his great helm, (Jousting Helmet) a detachable sleeve whips in the wind at approximately 30 miles per hour. Just before the two knights meet, they each brace themselves for the impact they know awaits them. The wood splinters fly, and one of the knights is knocked from his steed, spilling his life's blood on the ground. Jousting was a medieval war tactic that later evolved into a sport, testing skill in horsemanship as well as balance and accuracy. Jousting has changed in its use over the years. It was once used in battle, but is now mainly a competitive form of entertainment. Jousting was a mounted form of combat used by knights beginning in the 11th century. It was used mainly to knock the enemy from their horses so they were an easier target for the footmen and could be easily trampled by the horsemen. The point of aim during the most basic form of joust was either the four nails of the opponents shield, or the helm or throat of his armor. The church didn't like the savagery of it because the knight was a Christian warrior whose job was to protect their priests and the church; therefore, jousting was occasionally banished by some churches. It was common belief in this time period that a priest shouldn't die by the sword, so the knight was a sworn protector of them. The knights lived by a code of ethics known as chivalry. This code not only governed their daily life but also the way they fought Despite the banishments and the savagery of the joust, a form of it is still around today. The style jousting is the same today but the price is no longer blood i t is now money. It... .../www.scotfest.com/joustingterms.html JOUSTING: What was it? http://www.jousting.com/jousting.htm Knighthood, Chivalry & Tournament Glossary of Terms http://www.chronique.com/Library/Glossaries/glossary-KCT/gloss_j.htm#judicial%20duel Medieval History. About.com The Devil's Horsemen Jousting at Warwick Castle http://www.cv81pl.freeserve.co.uk/jousting.htm The Free Lancers. Styles of Jousting http://www.faire.net/freelancers/jousting.html The Free Lancers. Gath of Baal National Combat Jousting Tournament http://www.faire.net/freelancers/gath.html US Inernational Jousting Competition 2002 http://www.scotfest.com/jousting.html yahoo. search http://search.yahoo.com/bin/search?p=armour Vale, Malcolm. War And Chivalry. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1981. The Evolution of Jousting Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers The Evolution of Jousting Picture, if you will, a knight in shining armor charging on his noble steed down the open stretch toward his enemy. From his great helm, (Jousting Helmet) a detachable sleeve whips in the wind at approximately 30 miles per hour. Just before the two knights meet, they each brace themselves for the impact they know awaits them. The wood splinters fly, and one of the knights is knocked from his steed, spilling his life's blood on the ground. Jousting was a medieval war tactic that later evolved into a sport, testing skill in horsemanship as well as balance and accuracy. Jousting has changed in its use over the years. It was once used in battle, but is now mainly a competitive form of entertainment. Jousting was a mounted form of combat used by knights beginning in the 11th century. It was used mainly to knock the enemy from their horses so they were an easier target for the footmen and could be easily trampled by the horsemen. The point of aim during the most basic form of joust was either the four nails of the opponents shield, or the helm or throat of his armor. The church didn't like the savagery of it because the knight was a Christian warrior whose job was to protect their priests and the church; therefore, jousting was occasionally banished by some churches. It was common belief in this time period that a priest shouldn't die by the sword, so the knight was a sworn protector of them. The knights lived by a code of ethics known as chivalry. This code not only governed their daily life but also the way they fought Despite the banishments and the savagery of the joust, a form of it is still around today. The style jousting is the same today but the price is no longer blood i t is now money. It... .../www.scotfest.com/joustingterms.html JOUSTING: What was it? http://www.jousting.com/jousting.htm Knighthood, Chivalry & Tournament Glossary of Terms http://www.chronique.com/Library/Glossaries/glossary-KCT/gloss_j.htm#judicial%20duel Medieval History. About.com The Devil's Horsemen Jousting at Warwick Castle http://www.cv81pl.freeserve.co.uk/jousting.htm The Free Lancers. Styles of Jousting http://www.faire.net/freelancers/jousting.html The Free Lancers. Gath of Baal National Combat Jousting Tournament http://www.faire.net/freelancers/gath.html US Inernational Jousting Competition 2002 http://www.scotfest.com/jousting.html yahoo. search http://search.yahoo.com/bin/search?p=armour Vale, Malcolm. War And Chivalry. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1981.

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Education Teachers Reflec

My Personal Philosophy of Education Education is the key to a successful and fulfilling life. The purpose is to give each child an equal opportunity to achieve his or her goals. I believe that the overall purpose of education is to prepare for the future. Education is so important to one’s life that educators cannot merely teach in one manner. To truly teach someone you must dig until you find a way for him or her to completely understand. That’s why I think that teaching is going to be a great challenge everyday. As a teacher I will have a whole classroom full of individuals with different learning styles, different strengths and weaknesses, different attitudes, different lifestyles, and different motivations. Because of this, I will have to use an eclectic mix of approaches and teaching styles. As a teacher I feel it is my responsibility to prepare my students for the inevitable changes that will occur in their lives by instilling confidence and knowledge while presenting myself as a good role model. Teachers play such an important role in a child’s life, sometimes being their only source of encouragement and support. As a teacher, I want to know my students; their personality, learning style, and academic level, so I can meet their needs and create the best learning environment possible. I will bring into the classroom my open-mindedness, my respect for others, my willingness to listen before making decisions, and my love for knowledge. I hope that by ...

Truman Show Character Development

In the film, Truman Show by Peter Weir, the director used a variety of visual and verbal techniques to develop the character Truman Burbank. Wier used the movement of actors, dialogue, props and symbolism to show how Truman progressed from being a typical all-American guy to a courageous man who's willing to face his fears to break free from the chains that binds him to his ‘creator. ‘ Truman Burbank is a star of his own show- The Truman Show- and everybody knows except him. He lives in the best place in the world, Seahaven, where the people are always friendly and well-dressed. The houses they live in are painted to perfection with well-tended gardens. Here, Truman lives a seemingly perfect life with his beautiful wife, Meryl, and reliable friend, Marlon. As events unfold, Weir shows the audience how Truman is actually unsatisfied with his life- he feels trapped in his marriage and restricted with his job. He yearns for an adventure and dreams of finding Sylvia, his true love. Weir used dialogue and movement of actors to establish for the viewers what Truman is like in the beginning. The start of the film shows him acting out a role of a brave explorer in front of a mirror, saying: ‘Eat me dammit! That's an order! ‘ Because he doesn't have enough excitement in his life and Seahaven is not offering him the challenge he wants, he tries to make up for it by imagining a different life. He's also constantly tells his best friend, Marlon that he's ‘thinking of getting out' and is ‘going away for a while. ‘ But interestingly enough, even with a great desire of getting out, Truman never tries his hardest to leave Seahaven. Weir used Cristof's dialogue to show this: ‘If it was more than just a vague ambition, if he [Truman] was absolutely determined to discover the truth, there's no way we could prevent him. In this stage of the story, Weir shows that Truman is far from being a courageous man. To make sure Truman can't and won't leave, Cristof, the director of The Truman Show television program, used props and dialogue. After Truman's father died in the sea, he developed fear of water. When he came close to finding out that he's father is really alive his mother told him: ‘I know you feel bad about what happened†¦ I've never blame you Truman. ‘ They used his guilt to dismiss his suspicion. They also tried to make him ride a ferry to remind him of his fear when he tries to find Sylvia. When he tried to ride a plane to Fiji to continue looking for her, posters all around talks about the perils of flying to scare him were in the travel agency. A newspaper about Seahaven being the best place int he world is also shown and a movie called â€Å"Shome Me the Way to Go Home† was played on the tv to urge him to stay. Weir used all of these to show the audience that Truman might be slowly changing as he realize that the world he's living in, is not the only one out there. He can leave and lead the life he wants. Truman's character started to develop when he begins to find out that he's actually the star of his own show. Weir used movement of the actors to show how Truman progressed from being the go-with-the-flow-type of guy to a rebel. He acts inappropriately and doesn't think of the conseuences when he drives recklessly around the roundabout and reverses dangerously to get out of the traffic jam. Then, in a desperate attempt to leave Seahaven, he tried to overcome his fear of water by closing his eyes while speeding over the bridge, drives through a fire and even tried to go into a supposedly contaminated forrest. Later, he sailed in the sea through the storm and screamed at the top of his lungs: ‘Is that the best you can do? You're gonna have to kill me! ‘ Weir shows how much Truman, who only talk the talk, has progressed to walking the walk. He's finally doing something to get what he wants and he's giving his all. Truman's name has been used by Weir to symbolise how he is a ‘true man' amidst all the actors in Seahaven. He's been likened to Adam, the first man on the paradise. Adam's life story had become a summary of his. Adam left the paradise, Eden, after eating the forbidden truth of knowledge the same way Truman left his paradise, Seahaven, after learning the truth of his life. However, unlike God, Cristof wanted Truman to stay in Seahaven because it's ‘the way the world should be. ‘ The ending of the film had left the minds of the audience in a state of confusion and mixed emotions. Cristof urges Truman to stay, telling him: Truman, there's no more truth out there than in the world I created for you – the same lies and deceit. But in my world you have nothing to fear. The audience are torn between supporting Truman in his long awaited new life or wishing him to stay in Seahaven were they can watch him and be part of his life. Truman's answer had also likened him to being the second Adam- to being Jesus Christ who sacrificed himself and is ressurected to a new life as Truman sacrificed his seemingly perfect world where his life is controlled for the ‘sick place' where he h as freedom. Symbolism was used to show the audience how courageous and heroic Truman is. In conclusion, Weir used dialogue, movement of actors, props and symbolism to develop the character, truman Burbank. In all of the characters in the film, only Truman showed a change in character. He was always wishing to get out of Seahaven, yearning for an adventure and a new life. But he never did anything to do it; he let his fears and uncertainty to get the best of him. He chose to continue living in his seemingly perfect world. But as he see how far from perfect his life and whole world is, he summoned all his courage and began to rebel. He broke free from the chains that Cristof tied him to and truly became a courageous and heroic man.

Sociology Global Socio Cultural Responsibility

They will do this for two rounds. After the have made their lists, with the entire class, I will ask the students for some of the similarities they found and some of the differences and make a list of these. Than we will discuss the similarities and differences they gathered. Which differences were most common among people, which differences were most/ least important, were the differences physical characteristics. Period #3 Needs: The last period I will explain the meaning of responsibility in a community.I will also have the students do a community building activity that will help them understand the concept and importance of social responsibility in there community. I will than explain the importance of being aware of global issues that take place and how as a class they can contribute to helping others even f they are not located close to them. The community building active ¶y' will start after I explain the importance of community and what it means. Ill divide the students int o small groups of three and provide them with presented scenarios to act out. The skits will provide them with examples of ways to help another student. An example would be a student helping another student with something because they may be disabled. After the groups have practiced their skits I will ask for two volunteers to perform their skit in front Of the class. I will than ask them questions such as, how was this group lawful to another student who was different? If you were in the situation would you do the same thing?Next I will ask the students to raise their hands and give me ideas of things they could do to help members in the class, in school or in the community. Some ideas would be picking up trash, cleaning the white boards or donating olds clothes they don't need anymore. To end the lesson on Global Socio-cultural Responsibility I would ask the students to review what we went over: the three qualifications of social responsibility, the aspects of cultural responsibil ity and how they demonstrated a sense of Ewing a responsible member of a community in the classroom.Last I will talk to my students about setting up a Penal. Assignment #1- Part #2 period #1 First lets start off with the question of what is social responsibility? These two words explain the idea that every person is responsible for society as a whole, not just individually, not just in the state of Florida or even the United States but all around the world. This means that each day we need to act and behave in the most appropriate ways that help us all be better people but we also need to consider how Our actions and behaviors affect the rest of society coolly and globally.How can you be a socially responsible student? The following are three qualities that describe a socially responsible second grade student at Sarasota Elementary: 1 . Someone who contributes positively to the classroom and school community An example would be holding the door open for your classmates on the way to lunch or helping pick up trash around the classroom. 2. Solves conflicts in peaceful ways An example would be a student who uses kind words to speak to another student if they happen to get into an argument. . Values diversity Diversity means a variety of something. Valuing diversity means we need to be aware of all of the differences among our classmates and other people in the world. The important thing to remember is that these differences are what make us who we are and we should be open to different things and never tease someone if they seem different from what we are used to. Showing that you value diversity is very simple!Here are a few ways you can show that you appreciate the differences that makes each of us special: never make fun of people who are different from you in any way, next time you go out to dinner with your parents ask them if you can go somewhere with food room another culture, treat everyone how you would like to be treated and last believe in yourself and be proud of the different things that make you who you are! Period #2 Second we will discuss the cultural part of Global Socio-Cultural Responsibility. What does the word culture mean?Culture means the different attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, values, traditions and customs that a society or a social group all share. These differences come from all around the world and are the â€Å"glue† that keeps a group of people together. Pizza is a food item that is part of the Italian culture, SST. Patrick Day is a national loudly and part of the Irish culture and the American flag is part of the American culture. For all of us to have cultural responsibility we have to honor diversity in our world.Honoring diversity means that instead of focusing on the flaws, we need to focus on the good. In order to honor diversity among cultures we need to be aware of how some members of cultural groups might feel about certain issues like, family, religion or traditions. Period #3 The last part towards understanding Global Socio-cultural Responsibility is realizing the importance of community. Community is a group of people ho acknowledge the deep connections they have with one another, respect each others differences, and work as a group in making decisions.A community of people also has a common purpose and each person is responsible for his or her own actions but when you are part of a community it is important that everyone supports each other's growth. As a class, we can all create our own community. This might all be a lot to take in but in light of what we have learned today I think it would be a very fun and good idea for each of you to start writing to a Penal. This will help you learn about other ultras and other countries and allow you to be more globally aware of things that are going on in places other than just here in the united States.It will be a good way for you to really learn the true differences of other students your age plus it's always nice to have another friend! Assignment #2 From age three to eighteen attended private Catholic schools. Attending a private Catholic school for almost my entire life, up until right now, I was always very sheltered. There wasn't really any racial diversity in my school and very little religious diversity. Having attended a small, private, Catholic school y entire life definitely made one of the biggest impacts on my development.

Palliser Funiture Essay

Nowadays, Palliser Furniture Ltd. is a leading North American furniture company with local manufacturing facilities in Canada and Mexico, and they are dedicated to leader ship in design, service and customer value in the furniture industry. With a general agreement among manufacturers and retailers that the key success factors were: overall product quality and customer service, quick delivery and appropriate price, and innovative design. Palliser furniture did a good job on all of the aspects. Palliser outsources the raw leather from Brazil because Brazil has the best source of leather in the world. Also the raw leather was delivered from Brazil to Mexico to process such as cutting and swing which lower the cost of the furniture. The quality of the resources and powerful supplier is add-value for the value chain of the firm, and it can have a big impact on more efficiently integrating the activities within the firm. The quick delivery was another strategy for Palliser, which can be considered as a competitive advantage for the company. Compare with the rivals the Palliser is more focused on custom business, and was able to charge a slight premium for the service which directly eliminate customer’s inventory cost. This operation strategy is more flexible in terms of time and diversity. The design team of Palliser is passionate about the subtleties of style, and the collections reflect a carefully considered selection of pieces that represent quality feature extensive choice and impart innovation. Also, the developers carefully source and test materials to meet Palliser Furniture’s high standard for durability, safety and value. Overall, each department is integration through the whole company, which shows the management in Palliser Furniture Ltd is successful and effective as well.

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the significance of Compassion Fatigue (CF) and its effects in the lives of caregivers. A caregiver is defined by dictionary. com as an individual, such as a physician, nurse, or social worker, who assists in the identification, prevention, or treatment of an illness or disability (dictionary. com). Caregivers may also include family members, friends or neighbors who voluntarily have accepted responsibility for looking after a vulnerable neighbor or relative. For the purpose of this paper, the primary caregivers discussed will be nurses. Most nurses chose nursing as a career because they have the desire to both help people and provide care for patients with physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual needs. Having this desire puts nurses at risk for suffering from CF. CF can affect nurses in many areas such as physically, emotionally, in job performance, as well as their attitude toward the work environment, coworkers, and their patients. Nurses suffering from CF may experience emotional symptoms that include, but not limited to; poor concentration, decreased focus, poor judgment, mood swings, irritability, anger and resentment (Eyre & Lombardo, 2011). Work related symptoms that may be experienced are; avoidance or dread of working with certain patients, reduced ability to feel empathy towards patients or families, and frequent use of sick days (Eyre & Lombardo, 2011). Physical symptoms often experienced are; headaches, digestive problems: diarrhea, constipation, and upset stomach, sleep disturbances: inability to sleep, insomnia, or too much sleep, and cardiac symptoms: chest pain/pressure, palpitations, and tachycardia (Eyre & Lombardo, 2011). If compassion fatigue continues and no interventions are implemented to combat it, full Burn Out will result. Burn out (BO) is defined as exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, which gradually builds to a breaking point (www. merriam-webster. com). Nurses suffering from CF or burn out are unable to provide their patients optimal care. In order to build a healthy relationship with patients, a nurse must have a lot of compassion. CF prevents caregivers from showing compassion as well as preventing them from providing effective care because they are tired, unmotivated, and not giving prompt attention to their patients. This is problematic because patients want and deserve not only good clinical care but also the feeling and warmth and compassion from their nurse. When a nurse is experiencing CF or BO he or she may be plagued by negative emotions which include frustration, anger, depression, feeling stuck, feeling paralyzed, irritability toward coworkers and clients, cynicism, bitterness, and being negative about self, others, and the world in general (Espeland, 2006). What patient wants or deserves a nurse who has thought tendencies such as these? It may also cause a hostile work environment for their coworkers as well. Their family life is also affected. The main cause of compassion fatigue is the increasing workload of healthcare. Nurses frequently feel overworked and overwhelmed by competing demands on their time. Nurses and other caregivers are required to put in much more time dealing with inflexible aspects of healthcare such as completing paperwork and computer documentation (Windsor, 2007). They are also encouraged to see more patients in less time, leaving much less time for the nurse/patient relationship (Windsor, 2007). Many times nurse have to work short staffed, but are still expected to complete all components of the job. Increased patient load and the desire to complete all task without the possibility of overtime causes nurses to use their lunch hour or stay late to complete task and complete charting. Thus, in trying to save time, they eliminate the very things that replenish their physical, emotional, and spiritual stores such as exercise, family meals, friends outside of work, or meditation (Windsor, 2007). Many nurses such as this writer are trying to balance work, family and school as well as other life events, putting themselves at high risk for CF or BO. Other difficulties include staff communication problems including not being heard and feeling unsupported, as well as no time to build relationships with patients and families and no time to follow up on important issues. It’s imperative to know the causes and the signs of the condition in order to prevent it or get help. Nurses need to provide for their own wellbeing by meeting their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Physically, the nurse must participate in exercising, relaxation, maintaining adequate sleep and nutrition. It’s important for them to keep themselves healthy so they can help their patients. Not eating right, drinking plenty of water or getting enough rest puts them and those they care for at risk. Ways they can help themselves physically is by purposely taking some time to take a walk, even if it’s just for 15 minutes. This writer knows personally the benefits of a 15 minute walk. It helps relieves stress, it lowers your blood sugar, and relieves those aching muscles. Eating right is also very important. Many times nurses eat on the run, grabbing whatever they can eat and still move. This is unhealthy. Learning to eat frequent small healthy meals can make you feel like a new person. Fruit, salad and healthy snacks like yogurt and nuts should always be on the list. Taking care of emotional needs is just as important as the physical needs. Nurses can reach out to friends and coworkers when feeling emotionally stressed or drained. Sometimes just having someone to talk to or feel that you can relate to can be so helpful. Today, many facilities have programs to assist employees who are having trouble or feeling stressed. The facility this writer works in provides employees with a psychologist who is available when needed to meet and talk to staff in a private and professional manner. Talking with someone often helps alleviate compassion fatigue by bringing the stress out of yourself and into the open (Windsor, 2007). Colleagues are often a good resource in this area, as they may be having similar day-to-day experiences. Professional counselors are also a good source of help. They have special training and may be able to help create a recovery plan (Windsor, 2007). It’s also a good idea for administration to meet with the staff to find out how they feel about different aspects of the job, and to see if there are any ideas to make their work environment healthier, less stressful and more fulfilling. Spiritual needs may be the most important need of all. Growing spiritually in relationship with God can bring about true healing and resilience. Reading the Bible, praying and meditating are the prescriptions that help us to prevent compassion fatigue, minimize its severity or find healing. God is the one who gave us the desire to be caregivers in the first place, so He is ultimately the one that can help us when we are troubled. Frequently counting your blessings and thanking God for them is so helpful. It takes your mind off of your problems, and keeps you from complaining all the time and thinking negatively. Praying and asking God to show you the source of your struggle and what’s bothering you can be the beginning of the healing process. Attending church services routinely can help to revitalize you and prepare you to deal with the many circumstances you may encounter. There are many resources and coping strategies that nurses can use. One thing nurses must do is to remember to take care of them-selves. They need to be mindful that it is not selfish to put them-selves first. If they are healthy physically, emotionally and spiritually, they can be of more assistance to those they care for. Participating in any programs that their place of work offers them to improve performance, encourages physical renewal, and allows for time to de-stress should be encouraged. Joining a gym to get adequate exercise is a good idea. If the nurse has problems with their diet, attending nutrition classes may be helpful. Having a positive self-image is also a coping strategy that is essential for nurses to combat CF. Clearing the mind of negative thoughts immediately is also important. Prayer and meditation is a way to keep the mind clear and on a positive thought path. Learning to provide compassionate care for oneself, allows you to provide that same care to someone else. The most important coping technique of all is balancing their giving to others with giving to themselves (Bush, 2009). Only when nurses take time to heal themselves can they be truly available to aid in the healing of others. The major preventive self-care tasks well understood by the majority of nurse caregivers (Bush, 2009), as previously stated in this paper are: exercising, relaxation, maintaining adequate sleep and nutrition, and reaching out for support from others. Conclusion In conclusion, suffering from this condition prevents nurses from providing quality care. Not recognizing or refusing to acknowledge and get help for compassion fatigue causes people to leave their profession, turn to drugs or alcohol, or in extreme cases become self-destructive or suicidal (Eyre ; Lombardo, 2011). In today’s economy compassion fatigue can be very costly personally and professionally for nurses and financially for institutions (Eyre ; Lombardo, 2011). It is important for nurses to become knowledgeable about compassion fatigue symptoms and intervention strategies and to develop a personal plan of care so as to and achieve a healthy work-life balance (Eyre ; Lombardo, 2011). Equally as important is that healthcare systems invest in creating healthy work environments that prevent ompassion fatigue and address the needs of nurses who are experiencing compassion fatigue. It is important that we all recognize and understand this condition for our own health, but also for our coworkers. If you notice a coworker who you feel may be suffering from CF, reach out to them. Let them know you care and are willing and available to talk if they need you (Eyre ; Lombardo, 2011). Remember yourself, and let your coworkers know that this condition is treatable, and you can get the help you need to get your life back on track.

Barilla Essay Research Paper Barilla SpA AGiorgio

Barilla Essay, Research Paper Barilla SpA ( A ) Giorgio Maggiali was going progressively frustrated. As manager of Logistics for the universe # 8217 ; s largest pasta manufacturer, Barilla SpA, he was acutely cognizant of the turning load that demand fluctuations imposed on the company # 8217 ; s fabrication and distribution system. Since his assignment in 1988 as Director of Logistics, he had been seeking to do headroom on an advanced thought proposed by Brando Vitali, who had served as Barilla # 8217 ; s manager of Logistics before Maggiali. The thought, which Vitali called Just-in-Time Distribution ( JITD ) , was modeled after the popular # 8220 ; Just-In-Time # 8221 ; fabricating construct. In kernel, Vitali proposed that, instead than follow the traditional pattern of presenting merchandise to Barilla # 8217 ; s distributers on the footing of whatever orders those distributers placed with the company, Barilla # 8217 ; s ain logistics organisation would alternatively stipulate the # 8220 ; appropriate # 8221 ; bringin g quantities-those that would more efficaciously fitting end consumer # 8217 ; s needs yet would besides more equally administer the work load on Barilla # 8217 ; s fabrication and logistics systems. For two old ages Maggiali, a strong protagonist of Vitali # 8217 ; s proposal, had tried to implement the thought, but now, in the spring of 1990, small advancement had been made. It seemed that Barilla # 8217 ; s clients were merely unwilling to give up their authorization to put orders as they pleased ; some were even loath to supply the elaborate gross revenues informations upon which Barilla could do bringing determinations and better its demand prognosiss. Possibly more disconcerting was the internal opposition from Barilla # 8217 ; s ain gross revenues and selling organisations, which saw the construct as impracticable or unsafe, or both. Possibly it was clip to fling the thought as merely impracticable. If non, how might he increase the opportunities that the thought would be accepted? Company Background Barilla was founded in 1875 when Pietro Barilla opened a little store in Parma, Italy on via Vittorio Emanuele. Bordering the store was the little # 8220 ; research lab # 8221 ; Pietro used to do the pasta and staff of life merchandises he sold in his shop. Pietro # 8217 ; s boy Ricardo led the company through a important period of growing, and in the 1940s, passed the company to his ain boies, Pietro and Gianni. Over clip, Barilla evolved from its modest beginnings into a big, vertically incorporate corporation with flour nothings, pasta workss, and bakery-product mills located throughout Italy. SPA ( Societa per Azioni ) can be translated as # 8220 ; Society for Stockholders # 8221 ; and interpreted as In a crowded field of over 2,000 Italian pasta makers, Pietro and Gianni Barilla differentiated their company with a high quality merchandise supported by advanced selling plans. Barilla revolutionized the Italian pasta industry # 8217 ; s selling patterns by making a strong trade name name and image for its pasta, selling pasta in a certain -cardboard box with a recognizable colour form, instead than in majority, and puting in large-scale advertisement plans. In 1968, to back up the double-digit gross revenues growing the company experienced during the 1960s, Pietro and Gianni Barilla began building of a 1.25 million square metre state-of-the art pasta works in Pedrignano, a rural town 5 kilometer outside of Parma. The cost of this monolithic facility-the largest and most technologically advanced pasta works in the world-drove the Barillas deeply into debt. In 1971, they sold the company to the American multi-national house W. R. Grace, Inc. Grace brought extra capital investing and professional direction patterns to the company and launched an of import new Mulino Bianco ( # 8220 ; White Mill # 8221 ; ) line of bakeshop merchandises. Throughout the 1970s, confronting hard economic conditions -and new Italian statute law that both capped retail pasta monetary values and increased cost-of-living allowances for employees, Grace struggled to do its Barilla acquisition wage off. In 1979, Grace sold the company back to Pietro Barilla, who by so had secured the # 8216 ; necessary financess to buy it. The capital investings and organisational alterations that Grace had brought to Barilla, combined with bettering market conditions, helped Pietro Barilla launch a successful return to the company. During 1980s, Barilla enjoyed an one-year growing rate of over 21 % ( see Exhibit 1 ) . Growth was realized through enlargement of bing concerns, both in Italy and other European states, every bit good as through acquisition of new, related concerns. In 1990, Barilla was the largest pasta maker in the universe, doing 35 % of all pasta sold in Italy and 229/6 of all pasta sold in Europe. Barilla # 8217 ; s portion in Italy comprised its three trade names: the traditional Barilla trade name represented 32 % of the market, the staying 3 % of market portion was divided between its Voiello trade name ( a traditional Neapolitan pasta viing in the costly section of the semolina pasta market ) and its Braibanti trade name ( a high-quality, traditional Parmesan pasta made from eggs and semolina ) . About half of Barilla # 8217 ; s pasta was sold in northern Italy and half in the South, where Barilla held a smaller portion of the market than in the North but where the market was larger. In add-on, Barilla held a 29 % portion of the Italian bakery-products market. In 1990, Barilla was organized into seven divisions: three pasta divisions ( Barilla, Voiello, and Braibanti ) the Bakery Products Division ( fabricating medium to hanker shelf-life bakeshop merchandises ) , the Fresh Bread Division ( fabricating really short shelf-life bakeshop merchandises ) , the Catering Division ( administering bars and frozen crescent rolls to bars and pastry stores ) , and the International Division. ( Exhibits 2 and 3 show the organisational construction of -the company. ) Corporate central offices were located next to the Pedrignano pasta works

War on marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War on marijuana - Essay Example high school seniors have the highest rate among their peers in the industrial world (Author last name, date, p.278). It was the horror stories that spread in the US in the late 1960s that led to strict laws and their enforcement regarding drug use. Marijuana has been found to have the combined effect of the three categories of drugs-simulants such as cocaine and nicotine, depressants such as heroin and morphine and also hallucinogens such as LSD and MDMA- and this is why primarily marijuana is considered more dangerous than other drugs to the health of the user (Author last name, date, p.270). Compared to other drugs, Marijuana is the most used drug in the US and â€Å"the sharpest increase in drug use has occurred among young teens around Age 13†, who are the future of any given society (Author last name, date, p.279). Another danger inherent with this drug use is that it can act as a stimulant for the users to experiment with more dangerous drugs (Author last name, date, p.2 72). And also there has been a strong link found between drug use and crime (Author last name, date, p.280). It has been proved that â€Å"close to half of the crime suspects arrested in the United States had used illegal drugs in the prior three days† (Author last name, date, p.281).

This History of Pennsylvania Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

This History of Pennsylvania - Term Paper Example iThe life of these American Indians was quite remote and they basically had Stone Age heritage precisely in the area of weaponry, arts and crafts.ii They had simple lives and they relied on manual labor than technology of any form. They earned their living through agriculture, making weapons, pottery, weaving etciii. although majority was hunter gatherers as well. Basically there were two groups that were formed; first ones belonged to New York, Pennsylvania and the ones that had Iroquoian speech. Further the other tribe that spoke the Algonquian, belonging to various tribes like the Delaware's, Shawnee etc. "Two other peoples, the Shawnee and the Monongahela, lived in western Pennsylvania. Little is known about the Monongahela's, who disappeared before  Europeans  arrived. Most Shawnees would move west as the  European settlements arrived." (Prentzas, 9) Later when the Europeans started to explore then as a result of the rise of nation when they started to discover and acquire lands across the European continent. There were many battles within the region that caused the Germans to migrate from Germany. These Germans were eventually left to settle in Pennsylvania. Further the tussle that had aroused between the Crown and parliament also caused many Europeans to migrate from England to reside in various American regions. This migration had made various segments in the European society who then settled in America. There was immense cultural disparity and various segments of the Europeans came to America.iv Hence, as a result the land of Pennsylvania was now flooded with many Europeans who had migrated in order to establish in this newly discovered land. This migration caused great difficulties for the aboriginals residing in the region who were sabotaged of their homeland. Hence Pennsylvania was formed into colonies by the Dutch and Swedish immigrants. These immigrants brought many slaves with them to the region. Therefore the English then settled in Pennsy lvania in the year 1664. The pioneer of establishing a colony in the most important city of Philadelphia was William Penn. The reason of establishing this colony was as a result of the religious leniency that Pennsylvania offered, most of the immigrants were Quakers. During the middle of eighteenth century, the region was now being appealed by many the German and Scottish immigrants. Further there were also residents of the British Isles who came in the region before the American Revolutionary war. The chief city of Pennsylvania is Philadelphia which was then made the house of the federal government for a long period of time from 1776 to 1800 at that point a very important doctrine namely the Declaration of Independence was signed which later lead to the establishment of a constitution for the United States of America in the year 1787. Pennsylvania has the honor of housing various important sights like the Valley Forge, the fame that is associated with the Revolutionary war and Gett ysburg which was the place where the most important battle of the civil war was held. The liberty Bell is also in Pennsylvania near the Independence Hall. All these add to Pennsylvania's historic importance. Governance is an important factor in order to in order to sustain and bring about peace within a region. The government of Pennsylvania is

The History of Irish Education Part B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Irish Education Part B - Essay Example Through years of suppression and political discrimination, politics, in the end, and the shear determination of the Irish to educate their children evolved through concession and necessity into the creation of the National School System--a system destined to provide the basis for public education. Historical Background Originally set up by sects other than the majority Roman Catholics, small schools evolved in the early nineteenth century to educate the poor, manned by teachers most often untrained. Administration of the schools was quickly taken over by the Protestant Church of Ireland as both a religious and political move to Anglicise young Irish students. The Roman Catholic Church, while the majority, and Presbyterians felt pressured by these circumstances and feared a good deal of proselytising was ongoing within in schools. Both the Roman Catholic Church, gaining influential ground in the early nineteenth century after years of social, political and religious suppression, and P resbyterians, viewed as a strong Scottish influence to the Irish brand of Protestantism, had sought as a counter educational measure state support for schools of their own religious tradition. With the Irish Church most influential politically, it was charged that in the small schools of the time children of other denominations were being proselytised by Church of Ireland teachers as part of the educational curriculum. As early as 1812, education commissioners had called for better supervision of proselytizing in schools attended by various denominations, and by 1827 pressure was mounting for the state to cease channeling state aid through ‘voluntary agencies’(Hyland, Milne, 1987, p. 98) most often connected with particular religious groups. The Stanley Letter In October 1831, E.G. Stanley, then Chief Secretary of Ireland, wrote a letter to the Duke of Leinster , a liberal Protestant (Coolahan, 1981, p. 13) outlining plans for proposed national schools guided and overse en by a new sectarian educational board. The letter, now known as the ‘Stanley Letter’, addressed how the government would distribute aid to the board and outlined the basis upon which the board would support the schools. As suggested by Hyland and Milne (1987), the letter is generally accepted as the legal basis for national schools in Ireland, forwarding the recommendation of the Commissioners of 1812 that would effectively ‘banished [banish] even the suspicion of proselytism†¦admitting children of all religious persuasions†¦[and] not interfere with the particular tenets of any’ (Stanley, 1831 in Hyland et al, p. 99). As suggested in the letter (Stanley, 1831 in Hyland et al, p. 99-103) the system was set up as multi-denominational, with the schools governed by a member board consisting of two Roman Catholics, two from the Church of Ireland, and two Presbyterians. The multi-denominational concept at the beginning stages was met with resistance a nd suspicion, particularly by the Catholics and Presbyterians. (Coolahan, 1981) To overcome suspicion and due to Ireland’s history of past religious strife, there were imposed strict limits on the educational component of the proposal. According to Hyland and Milne (1987), during the school day ‘the teacher had to declare that religious education was beginning, hang a sign on

MGT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

MGT - Essay Example When workers are happy, they enjoy their work and this is more preferable than using other systems to improve productivity. This paper will provide evidence that happy or satisfied workers are more productive in the workplaces. Ropella highlights that there are factors that influence and contribute to employee satisfaction. The first factor is the work environment and it is concerned with the internal working environment of the employees. This environment entails feelings and attitudes on their colleague employees and the job itself. It is important for the employees to feel included in the larger organizational team to enhance productivity. The second factor is the ability to achieve the desired organizational objectives and it is concerned with the determination of the employee’s capacity and potential to achieve the set goals in their work. The other factor is the rewards and compensation for work done by the employees. Recognition for a good job done creates a feeling of happiness and motivation towards productivity. Business knowledge is another factor and it is concerned with the necessity of informing the employees on how the business works and on the finances of the organization. When employ ees are aware of the operations of the business, it enhances their productivity. The last factor is client relations and it is concerned with good relationships between customers and the employees. When the relations are favorable, employees are motivated to perform better. Furthermore, Kjerulf highlights various reasons why satisfied or happy workers at the workplace are more productive. The first reason is that happy workers work better with others in the workplace to enhance productivity. In this case, when employees are happy, they are more fun to work with other people hence improving working relations, which translate to higher productivity. The second reason is that workers satisfaction enhances creativity at work. Happy workers are able to generate