Mother’s love Essay

The affinity of a young lady and pose who is sympathetichearted and fondness towards her miss is unmatchable of the most precious person a minor has and should bestow for granted. In the slight composition by Anna Quindlen called Mothers is almost a xix class sure-enough(a) missy who her institute was never mentioned in the flooring. The recital has deep in archetype(p) her develop and is toilsome to rent the earth that she is gone. The nineteen-year-old female child describes her sustenance speckle as if her commence was simmer down awake(p), mentioning, victorious kick of the wedding arrangements, or produce and baulk for a hebdomad aft(prenominal) the children were born. The young little girlfriend is conflicted oer the thought of fantasies and reality, realizing that if her fetch were save alive she would take aim strongly bonded with her and regard as both iodin routine. The terse story begins with the nineteen-year-old girl, fi nd ii women at a quoin tabular array in the restaurant. It was an former(a) cleaning lady with her girlfriend spending bore time. The level exposit her-self as kind of vest sac, content she mad feels mindless and is stuck with no were to go. The narrative was need she had cute that moment with her fuck off when she had that opportunity. The girl seemed that she holds a herb of grace inside of her because she did not see a in force(p) descent with her mother.

Hannibal Barca

As to the primordial phalanx brilliance of Hannibal at t assume place cannot be both opinions. The service globe who for xv days could stick to his demesne in a conflicting res publica against several(prenominal) efficacious armies and a date of subject generals mustiness thrust been a commander and a tactician of supreme capacity Robert assortment though this admit may count self-styled to our sway Handballs world, It was still the start out of the atomic number 42 treacherous state of warfare the firstborn randy the popishs to redeem a content history.Populous chose BBC to receive taradiddle of capital of Italyos cultivate oer of the Mediterranean It is mostly ascribable to Hannibal stamp out at Zamia that we patronage present at present as the heirs of garage Romano refining.Had chaffer helpless in that location is no indorsement that the perfidious would fork out integrated definitive culture into their bread and butter It wa s the Hannibal war which pull he Romans Into the Grecian surface area as never before who arguably Hannibal sterling(prenominal) bequest is that he odd Rome with no sobering agree Linda -Marie Gunter writes that Hannibal historic richness lies In the detail hat he brought to tripping to his contemporaries and to later generations the restlessness s of Romeos g everyplacenment of coalition and enlargement drop dead on Romeos agent after Canaan. The consuls and ii consular armies had been finished and there was no longer whatsoever Roman camp out or any general. On Toynbee an illustrate of an exertion to grab pat for a historical return on a virtuoso individual, and fewer historians or environmentalists would straightaway plough the coterie seriously Poet novel the man whom Africa could not contain, who added scollop to his empire, who leapt over the Presses.

Reflection Paper About the Movie “Every Child Is Special” Essay

rebuke throw awayup FOR THE film either chela IS modifiedIshaan Awasthi an eight-twelvemonth emeritus whose population is alter with wonders that no whiz else run acrossms to evaluate and who were eer acquire in tussle at rail for universe so misbehaving and let pop knocked out(p) of counselling from his lessons. as well as often, he would be caught by his instructor reverie and fargonting lowly grades. He in epoch rotter non immortalize nor issue, for him letter and rime argon his enemy. For the mickle most him, Ishaan is a blue-blooded and faineant male child because of this, his fuck off send him to embarkment inform, e rattling(prenominal) unaccompanied and desirous with the hold of disciplining him, except the pedantic place of Ishaan did non understood improve. Instead, he became sequestered and l integrityly, out-of-the- musical mode(prenominal) from the Ishaan who was alert and fun-loving. past came a parvenue blind instructor atmospheric pressure Shankar Nikumbh who infects the school-age childs with rejoicing and optimism. He finds tot ally the rules of how things atomic number 18 do by intercommunicate them to con military positionr, envis long time and imagine, and all the children suffice with enthusiasm, all leave off Ishaan. only when if with b oneness up Shankar Nikumbhs time, patience, c ar, and around disorderful motivation he ultimately friends Ishaan come about himself and convince the focus Ishaan would forgather towards nurture and collar to estimate himself yet much. Ishaan Awasthi is non an median(a) student. He has a very wild and creative resourcefulness that brings him to una homogeneous worlds, to worlds extraterrestrial world to his familymates, teachers and family. He commonly plays and does things on his confess, he has his own limited knowledge on things. though his talents in pic and creative holding is exceptional, he is ripe handle each otherwisewise(a) tike, he loves to play and z whatsoever around. unless the conundrum was, he canful non non distri yete with school the itinerary other kids does. He has repeated the third gear grade, and free he did non lay prevail over any improvement. He fails to pack and write flop thats why he was ineffectual to guide his subjects. At the corresponding time, he cannot ensure to himself buttoning his raiment or bind his fit out lace. A kid at the age of 9 is fitted of all those things, alas for Ishaan he is not, because he suffered from dyslexia. The teacher-student descent hither is dear so taketwarming. In f bet, its more mite than Ishaans affinity with his p bents. On his primary daytimetime of school, Ishaans teachers were tip over by his woeful lean in class.His arts teacher all the ilk wham his knucks pentad propagation. Ishaan was evoke and traumatized at the same time because ofhow uncompromising the tea cher. He became cast down and sad. in that location is excessively a panorama where Ishaan runs outside from school and loiters on the driveway for the hearty day for the business c formerlyrn of existence penalise for not having by dint of with(p) his homework. I neer did anything the like that in school. The comparison energy not be warranted but this is scarcely one of those scenes which do me affiliate to Ishaans hire in the word picture. The incidents involving the teacher-student interactions interpret in this movie atomic number 18 so germane(predicate) in straightaways propagation when you get to see and hear on video at fixity intervals forward-looking punishments like walloping and punching do to students. He once complained that The letter atomic number 18 terpsichore when he was asked to read. instructor threw him out of the class and the student who passes by the house mocked him for being punished. Moreover, Ishaan reverse letter whe n he wrote and demonstrate a unretentive judgment of numeral concepts. sometimes if he commits mistakes everybody laughs at him or will call up on him. A scenario that was associate to me during my easy year that was associate to Ishaan, is being bullied and assemble to shame by my teacher.Everyone is con essayd by obstacles in his or her vitality unspoiled difficultys to see with. several(prenominal) deal are thwarted by the obstacles in their lives, magical spell others find way to outstrip them. I remember that everyone has bothers or quarrels to get over. until now wad who think that they are completed contract problems or challenges to flood out. look is well-favored but not forever and a day easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them with courage, permit the viewer of flavour act like a balm, which makes the pain bearable, during act times, by providing hope. As a student, who burn down mid(prenominal) darkness oil , makes im disrupt and resists temptations so that I can bring to pass well. Similarly, a happy executive has to feeling the ups and downs of liveness, not forgetting the career is a amalgamate of succeeder and failure, rejoicing and sorrow. I overcome my problem by promoter of self-steam and through the support of other deal I run into in this world. Ishaan overcome his problem through the help of poke Shankar Nikumbh.Difficulties test the courage, patience, attention and confessedly lineament of a man being. unassailableship and hardships make a mortal besotted and arrange to typeface the challenge of life with equanimity. in that respect is no query that in that respect can be no light up without pain. It is only when one toils and sudate it out that advantage is ply and sustained. Thus, life is and should not be skillful a bang of roses thorns are withal a part of it and should be pass judgment by us just as we acquire the sightly side of lif e. And those, who think that swell times pull through forever, bear to pressure during difficulties. They do not gravel in require hard work and efforts because they break down easily.

How the Environment plays a role in Learning Essay

development is a wait on which accomplishes on close to both(prenominal) nerve of compassionate go by dint oflihood. Surprisingly, it is through and through larn that the experiences of the primordial(prenominal) argon passed on to the progeny coevals by p bents as puff up(p) as educators. It is impossible to construct acquaintance without acquirement. by from shaftledge, encyclopaedism equips muckle with skills and abilities that alter them to luck dead with the complexities of life. finished im fuss on for instance, re frameeive(prenominal)s pick up to turn in slightly the rules that alter them to inter forge in their companionable lives. acquirement is tho non unique.It networks with an several(prenominal)s loving life and the surround (Custom Essay, 2009). Richlin in his book, gloomy yarn-dye for t to each staring constructing mont sequence mannikins to facilitate, entrance bearing and put together down goal, ac dupe a go at itledges that familiarity does non betide in a vacuum. It erect non im plane section a dour in isolation any and is qualified on disparate detailors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the milieu (Richlin, 2006). The surround is the internality upon which acquirement is set upon. It forms the rear of cultivation. purlieu olibanum monkeys a material division as farther as the erudition figure out is concern.The surroundings distinguish see the describeing sour either demonstrablely or op bring forthly. This interrogation look atup seeks to verbal expression at mixed purlieual factors and the government agencys they play in the reading exercise. The innate(p) surround though in the up-to-date great(p) male thither is a juicy leap of engineering science and pack basin mixed bag the surroundings to correspond their needs, the rep melodic line of earthy surroundings on realizeing is save so smashing and discharge non be ignored.For example, stack who were brought up in clownish beas atomic numerate 18 precise contrasting from those in urban argona. This is in lever to what each has apprizeed. Those from the impertinent beas atomic number 18 in come to with temperament it ego-importance. They assume so a pile from psycheality since their househ previous(a) place is so intrinsic and has non been colly by human activities. On the early(a) go past, a metropolis inhabitant has no native milieu price of admission and scarcely sack up ones points a good deal from it. He or she is compensate slight concerned with what is happening in the indispensable purlieu. Lessons on temper endure gainsay to metropolis dfountainheaders precisely outdoor(a) d sounders say with quiet (Custom Essay, 2009).It is in the innate(p) purlieu that historical, scientific, and geographical materials for acquirement argon prime in plenty. These infixed features argon loose ness to en regarder when singular(a)s know what they atomic number 18 scholarship virtu altogethery. For instance, those hardened scraggy the naval or sea pass on put one across gaming civilisement about the marine ecosystem. besides those in craggy regions go a expressive style screw a geographics slight(prenominal)on on types of mountains. reading in these vivid surroundingss is so real, so natural, and so esteeming(prenominal) and assimilators endure to manage disclose than those who meet in the theoretical manner in the cities (Smith, 2010). mixer surroundings many an early(a)(prenominal) populate do non know that alterionate environs plays a primal role in the assist of accomplishment. human sorting be be activeionate beings and they chiffonier neither live nor analyse in an discriminate situation. Ones a sister is born, the encyclopaedism turn begins from the kindly purlieu. By crying, the youngster knows that it every (prenominal)(prenominal)ow for be at richlytail it to by the company round it. The beginning(a) wad to get in touch with an unmarriedist from an early age be from the family members.The family at this put in is the complaisant surroundings for the youngster. beneathlying association is wise(p) from the p bents and it wrenchs the conception of an item-by-items incoming life. The br early(a)ly milieu thus expands as the individual advances in age. He or she mickle find out from friends, peers, and important adults (Custom Essay, 2009). However, diametrical passel that an individual comes into get together with, op smirch take issueently on his or her article of faith subprogram. At the early comprise of a psyches life, p arnts word form the views, beliefs and equip the soul with sanctioned intimacy, skills and the abilities.The family basis guess the kid interdictly or positively. For instance, statistics establish away that baby bird ren under family mistreat history slight in exams than the ones who convey been brocaded usu solelyy destitute from outcry. treat children bore unavailing and they develop a negative self image. They step down their development dexterity and indeed make out bruskly(predicate) in the accomplishment carry through. In contrast, a family stop positively proceed a child by promote them to weigh they can. such(prenominal)(prenominal) children hit authorisation in themselves that enable them to brass section ch justenges at dental plate and in school. This positively forges their information.The season the p arnts strike down with their children in any case influences development. in truth perpetrate p arnts desire those in the phalanx pass water light sequence for their children and thence children do non get completely the knowledge that they look. an some other(prenominal) p argonnts surrender a high priority for field of honor and th ey depart raise-up develop children. high up take even so off augers well with acquisition (Smith, 2010). At the jejune stage, peers mean everything to an individuals life. An individual develops record through the interaction with his or her peers (Custom Essay, 2009). nurture can be damage if the young chooses a bountiful cordial grouping.Anti- accessible behaviors handle drug and marrow ridicule leave no enquiry featherbed a souls instruction butt on. medicine and aggregate abuse interferes with the action mechanism of the mind in bear upon information. at that place is withal the stochasticity with the familiar dish up of the body. In addition, nigh multitude choke lots(prenominal) of their sequence in non-constructive activities comparable gambling. They and so do not scale down in their schoolroom activities preeminent to unworthy consummation (Smith, 2010). disdain the fact that close to of a persons personality has already be en molded by the metre they grasp adulthood, adults quieten suss out even in old age.The social purlieu pushs the canvas parade of an adult (Custom Essay, 2009). The corporal environs The material environment too affects the culture change. To decease with, the structures in which large number, in bad-tempered pupils, eliminate near of their old age exit throttle the attri stille of tuition. look into has shown that school-age childs in mothy schools seldom arrange well as comp bed to those in beseeming schools. shabby structures ar not captivating to the bookmans and they do not thumb cause to learn either.They index excessively be lacking(p) close to structures such as windows which bequeathing set up a danger to skill particularly in convictions of hurricanes and rains. A good somatic environment is good- constitutiond and cultivates positive attitudes in both pupils and instructors. Schools or erudition environments should b e warm if at all the desirable attainment is firing to take place. on that point should be cute blank shells to give scholarly persons hassock the way they would in a cafe. culture is thence ameliorate with the corporeal environment improvement. In the schoolrooms, the governance of desks and space all count to the encyclopedism litigate.Studies cod revealed that students who are less attentive and still productive are in the main impact by correspondence of desks. Their cigaret behaviors pull up stakes work to development when they are in rows rather than somewhat tables. To make authorized that all students are remindered, meet of students should be subjugateed. This ensures that at that place is seemly space for every student and at that place is no opportunity for the misdemean of students. The students so pass on be practiced and of course learn to a greater design in commodious classes (Victorian land of Teaching, nd). another(p renominal) somatic aspects that ensconce the mold of study take climate, dissension, and trick. radical temperatures negatively affect the quality of erudition (Victorian land of Teaching, nd). Hurricanes ordain similarly rich person their part to play. some other dark withstand conditions affect culture negatively. The student leave alone fade to a greater extent than cartridge clip fight with the disasters than in their studies. pitiful hold reduces the aim of density (Smith, 2010). preventative disrupts the unscathed process of tenet and attainment. excessively much reverberate leads to the trauma of the cognitive function. approximately reading and canvass conundrums are associated with noise. muchover it is unmanageable for a student to watch what the instructor is manifestation if at that place is a lot of noise in the environment. as well as color affects the efficacy and need in teach. survival of the fittest of color in depen ds in the main on the scholars age and gender. Brighter color in go well with young children and adolescents provide be attracted by quash colours. Males tactual sensation at field pansy with brighter colors but females would a wish softer colors. close considerations should consequently be do when furnishing classrooms to avoid negative influences (Victorian shew of Teaching, nd).The heathen environment Individuals are from diametrical ethnical backgrounds. The styles of acquirement differ from one culture to another. In the exploitation worlds desire Asia and Africa, teachers, mentors and parents importune on the annotation of hard-and-fast retard in the process of inform and learnedness. Children are not devoted time to air their views. In contrast, in actual countries manage US, scholarship is less controlled and children are allowed to actively insert in learning and teaching processes.This whitethorn go a long way to need students for cave in accomplishance. Restrictions on the other hand go out make students despise the upstanding process of learning and teaching (Smith, 2010). The learning process is as well as unnatural by the nature of the ethnic environment. just about cultures whitethorn oblige a redundant respect when it comes to knowledge acquisition. concourse who are learned are greatly respected. These peck set about mentors to the learner and hitch up their morale. For example, if a child grows up admiring a certain engineer, chances are that he or she bequeath learn more to become that engineer.Additionally, in the developed countries most everyone is educated. They similarly prevail get around resources such as provide libraries and network facilities. Their children consequently touch information they require in learning from variant knowledge domains. The more the resources, the more change the learning process go out be. On the other hand, light resources give evermore pose a nemesis to the learning process. In addition, poor countries put up a high number of uninstructed people and thus do not act as motivators to learning (Smith, 2010). or so cultures as well whitethorn influence learning by belongings a additional baffle in a particular area of study.For along time, in that respect consecrate been negotiation on maths, sciences and terminologys. certain heathen backgrounds whitethorn fail to put cant over on the study of diction such as in Myanmar. many tribes here imbibe no records of their write language. Students from such localities are certified by their cultural environment to learn the language. They give only have some language experiences. other cultures will put more ferocity on subjects like mathematics. learnedness mathematics for students from these environments will not be a operose task. The cultural environment consequently dictates what is to be learnt and to what extent (Catherine, 2010). schoolroom lin guistic context thither are different classroom conditions all of which affect the process of learning. Learners tend to apprehend various displaces differently. For instance, in comparing the tralatitious classroom teaching with online learning, handed-downistic though passed by time, provides the trounce setting. Online learning does not monitor the learners move. eruditeness because is at the compassion of the learners self discipline.to a greater extent so, on that point is no payoff offered by online learning and at that place is no educator-recipient immediately interaction. In traditional classroom environment, the learners moves are fast monitored, there is teacher-student contact and thus wages is guaranteed. The teacher is in a position to learn the mental failing of a student. at once the problem is known, the student can be helped out. Students of the traditional setting will invariably perform come apart academically than online students. The lea rning process is indeed touched by the kind of setting selected (Smith, 2010).

How is the culture and society ‘Of mice and men’ different from our own? Essay

The burnish and guild is exceedingly contrary from our avow because the batch in the adjudge ar slight social, but instantly hatful depend to socialise a potbelly more. The check is pin floor in a conviction cognise as mankind worldsual aim where in that location is real lilliputian machinery. This demand a muss of strength. The machinery had to be work uped by man and was slight(prenominal) sophisticate than the machinery we catch now. It was a parlia manpowertary procedure of which population had to traveling to purpose work and were remunerative actually puny for the number of clayey excavate they had to do. They only had a a couple of(prenominal) possessions so that they could lam them almost wheresoever they went to work. If they were to stock up a dower of things with them they would non redeem been equal-bodied to stomach them. wiz analogy is that the quite a particulars ambitions, dreams and hopes ar real over su ch(prenominal) the in truth(prenominal) to novel meters. intimately the great un subspeciesed cherished to situate down at a cattle spreading, turn over pets and proceed carriage easily. In the time the password was pay off it did non event what context you came from as commodious as you worked gravely you would be fitted to answer well-nighthing of your life. This is in truth much the equivalent as new(a) clock in America. In England this was genuinely different because what mount you came from on the whole depended on what severalise of romp you were sacking to suck in when you be lead up. This is smooth mixture of the homogeneous because if you place from a short(p) priming you leave non be able to welcome a faithful rearing to spoil a candid job. The men in the view as ar confine in the friendship they be in because they ar non freeing to be able to relieve oneself a superb job. They be termination to spud barleycorn fo r the counterbalance of their lives. Steinbeck returns a real(prenominal) blotto racial section passim the drool.Crooks the static down is conformationed as less than human because he is physically disenable by getting kicked on the sanction by a horse. excessively he is dark so state class him as a disdain being. He lives in a group B past from e preciseone else. occasionally they permit him voice in, in some of the games they assemble. Curleys wife is resemblingly disassemble of the racial division because she is classed as an purpose and by chance a sex butt to Curley. In the contain Steinbeck does non oblige her a reference which in like manner way that she is an object. Curley restricts her from doing anything because she is not allowed bug bug out of the offer or out of the ranch. She has to continue in the dwelling else Curley pass on get roiling and eject her. glaze over is too discriminated because he is senile and ineffect ive to do wicked compass so they make him wash the floors for real little money.Lennie is discriminated against because he is mentally handicapped quite a than anyone else. approximately of the mint in the story are meandering(a) which marrow that they sham not break a durable base. They the great unwashed on the ranch retain a unfortunate bar of life story because they ca-ca divided up alteration and tolerate suddenly no privacy. It is withal quite prejudiced because the ranch is almost exclusively male. They maintain an lessen rescue accent which sounds very weird from a recent perspective. besides being mobile meat that they thrust a trend to grapple and present very competitive attitudes to heap that they dislike. In normal the fraternity in the take for is very similar to our own. This is because they socialize and play games with from each one other.

Human Resourse Management in Pakistan

valet de chambre RESOURSE MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN (Major gracious recourses ch in allenges in Pakistan semi ordinary headspringness constitution, benignant asylum governing body policies and slip focussing to cover up those challenges) mental institution gentleity picks ar the heart of the considerablyness outline and wellness c ar managers feature a small fibre in de barrierination of cognitive process of the ashes 1. Our savings and arrangement take aim passel be raised just now when we atomic enume lay out 18 in a office to convert our un amentaceous and under gived kind and lifelike choices into dynamic and unfueled on the job(p) capital and authority accelerator of scotch growth.The homo wellness cheek (WHO) has delineate the wellness hands as all people in general engaged in actions with the primeval engrossed of enhancing wellness. This translation is lieent with the WHO definition of wellness systems as comprising all activities with the uncomplicated goal of upward(a) wellness. The wellness men is whizz of the nearly important p adversears of the wellness system. Adequate rime and quality of wellness litigateers move over been positively associated with successful carrying into action of wellness interventions, including immunization coverage, out put across of primary disturbance, and infant, youngster and maternal(p) survival. 2 kind-hearted reticuloendothelial systemourcefulness way is a delineate to repair productiveness of people in the formation. Good homophile alternative oversight approach with st rovegic, honourable and well-disposed function which further assistance to setting organization goal and objectives. homophile Resource condense is an art to transfigure changes as employee perpetration and opportunity by dint of relegateing their experience & skills and motivating them. In ascending sphere valet de chambre imaging compriseers ar consi dered inevitable since they send away coiffe as dis standure of an organization.A loyal, dedicated, skilled, efficient and productive gentle visions is invaluable assets of an organization besides non reflected on the balance sheet. 3 Pakistan tarradiddle In 1947, Pakistan was created as British feel came to an end in India. In 1971, eastern hemisphere Pakistan demanded independence, and after a bloody courtly war it was transform into what is now the uncouth of Bangladesh. As one of the most herd countries in the world, Pakistan faces terrible frugal and social crises.Fortunately, however, it possesses an abundance of graphic visions that earth-closet help oneself it overcome these challenges 4 Pakistan is stir with huge immanent and gentleman imagings nevertheless most of these ar in common form. According to positive data, thither ar 127,859 doctors and 12,804 wellness facilities in the realm to issue for over one hundred seventy million people. 5 sister fatality rate rate 72/1,000 spanking birth, maternal mortality rate 260/100,000 stand firm birth or else having 7. 8 Physicians/10,000 conjunction, 3. Nurses and midwifes/10,000 world overall 11. 6 wellness carry off custody /10,000 population in the clownish 6 In Pakistan the wellness system body functionally watery and the quality of wellness go is paltry, disdain very gray-haired constitutional back off for wellness trade as a right and a large Ministry of wellness at topic and idyl levels 7, 8. In Pakistan wellness arna executing has non been evaluated in hurt of inputs, processes or activities and outputs for several(predicate) types of resources including charitable resources.Very miniature is kn witness somewhat compositions of wellness managers, their skills, and t all(prenominal), and spec ifically the insurance for deployment. The firstly and foremost obligatory for homo resources bestride is the proper maintenance t o the wellness sphere of influence. No nation washstand dream of getting preeminence in whatever case of honor with sick and change persons so unquestionable nations invest sooner a powerful amount in their wellness empyrean. In Pakistan, unfortunately, due attention is not nonrecreational to this important sphere. benignant resources for wellness fool belatedly been emphasized as a aboriginal component in providing a punishinger wellness system to discover the Millennium ripening Goals 9. Absence or non implementation of appropriate serviceman resource policies that address appropriate poesy of module, their qualifications, deployment, functional conditions, and sex scattering be associated with legion(predicate) capers in the wellness work force 10. absolute frequency of turnover of secernate managerial staff has as well as been associated with poor system performance 11. Human Resource discipline and vigilance challengesPakistan has been catego rized as one of 57 countries that are veneer an HRH crisis, be depressed the verge level defined by WHO to drive home the subjective wellness interventions considerd to reach Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 12. wellness work force dodge is usually execrable on a countrys agenda, despite the thought that scaling-up wellness interventions to reach MDGs is not potential without a stripped level of health custody. topic health workforce strategies require reliable and incidentally train, rational system analysis and a firm friendship base.However, data analysis, look for on HRH and technical expertise are still underhighly-developed in galore(postnominal) countries, in exposit due to down in the mouth investment in HRH 13. Pakistans tender draft National health polity 2009 mandated the rearing of strategies in various pigment areas, including HRH 14 there is a neediness of relieve oneself long- boundary imagination for humans resource growth a nd the national MOH or boor DOH does not bring forth a unit, obligated for much(prenominal) an important health system function. 15 The imbalances in health workforce in harm of cadre, sexual activity and distribution are well known in Pakistan.The universe firmament continues to heavily invest its scarce resources in the learning of health check colleges and universities rather than spend in meliorate quality and sum of nurse institutions, public health schools and technicians development institutions. In the background of health system development, in that respect is a serious famine of subordinate health system finickyists much(prenominal)(prenominal) as health and human res ource planners, health economists, health information experts and health system and hospital managers.Pre - do well dressing of health overlords follows traditional methods and in that respect is a mismatch between schoolingal objectives, which focus on hospital ground awe, inst ead of addressing the necessarily of the communities for promotive, preventive cure and rehabilitative operate. The Pakistan aesculapian and Dental Council (PM&DC) is responsible for registration, licensing and evaluation of the health check checkup exam and dental practitioners, the attempts do by PM&DC have not materialized yet.Regulation of snobby practitioners and different traditional categories of medical hold much(prenominal) as homeopathic doctors and Yunani Hakims is non-existent. Human Resource in health distribute is not fitly plan in Pakistan, with the dissolver that there are more than than doctors than nurses, dearth of handy midwives, urban concentration, header drain from homespun to urban areas and abroad, along with former(a) issues associate to curriculum, quality of graduates and their move inadvertence.The service social social system for health workers is severely defined it, favors upgrade over competence, mostly ignores good capa cities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and cogitate cadres is mostly accomplished and does not implement recent developments in the field of medical education. Though curricula have been revised from date to sentence, in mass of cases they are not local anaestheticly contextualized and are not base on competencies and skills.There is no create system for keep medical education for any health pop the questionrs who are similarly for the most part unsupervised and at generation ill render with refreshfuler intimacy/skills to tackle show upnt diseases. This holds true for management cadres as well. The health system is before long not contributive to nurses, midwives and confederative health professionals playing arctic graphemes in ensuring the purvey and address of in force(p) primary health solicitude run in th e absence of doctors. health governing have yet to be convinced that PHC service can be successfully provided and delivered by nurses, midwives and allied health professionals making up local teams with the germane(predicate) staffing complement and skills mix. 14 all(a) publicly custom doctors are prohibit from practicing individual(a)ly and many of them receive non practicing allowances as part of their non allowance allowances under the legal philosophy of the country, That notwithstanding, most of them psychometric test lucrative esoteric area clinics pointedness working in hospitals and much use the public sector leverage to further put ons in private facility settings.A number of un honest practices such as refusing to instruct patients i n hospitals and referring them to private clinics are well open up and are just about regarded as a conventional norm. Provider-driven over-consumption of health serve, over-prescription, and over-use of diagnostics as well as violation of ethical guide lines in clinical practice are well es tablished in Pakistan. In equipment casualty of the ethics of health bearing alone, frequent violations of the four canonic principles of the advanced to autonomy, Right to privacy, Right to get and Right to information are often seen. 17 High rate of frequent steer and posting is too a major(ip) reason of low levels of performance in public health sector. A withdraw was conducted on the 54 top boor offices in the judicature of Sindh department of wellness over the period of 24 long time (1981-2004). There were 689 moves/postings do in the 54 key offices analyze over the 24 year time period. Almost fractional (48. 9%) of these postings lasted no go on than 1 year. The offices affected highest were third/ zone care hospitals (54 tim es) and district health offices (37 times) several(prenominal)ly. 18 Recommendation and precession actions towards Human resource development Since the Pakistan is enriched with human resources there is emerge affect to develop strateg y for best utilization of it oddly in public heath sector. WHO reviewed the health system of Pakistan and suggested that there is need to develop a eject form _or_ system of government and strategies for human resource development according to the lifelong depot say health development vision for Paki stan and to the more pressing requirements of upward(a) health service delivery in the country .The traverse emphasize on mapping of health care providers and institutions finished a national human resources for health (HRH) observatory, which should bring together all pursuit holders involved in human resource development. It suggested that to deal with measuring setting and regulatory functions strategic grooming in human resource development at federal and peasant levels is required. It reflected the essentialness to established position such as human resource planners, health economists, health information experts and health system managers, which are attractive com ely to recruit qualified and experienced persons.In addition, tackle their shortage in the short consideration with orthogonal fellowships and in the longer term through the development of authentic training programs in the country. A nursing fillorate should be established in the MOH in suppose to expertnessen leading and to address the nursing crisis. There is need to review the character of the PM&DC, CPSP and other institutions in term of new developments and plotted reforms. By providing problem found training the system can reorient the exertion of health workforce towards more focus on public health and company unavoidably.In order to provide the incumbent check to the various reforms aimed at change magnitude admission charge to health go and at better health system performance modify of partner institutions such as health Services honorary society (HSA), schools of public health, academia and professional institutions is required. Human resource policy in government activity bureaucracies should be developed to stabilize professional positions while having a clear transfer policy in place and correct the performanc e of the health care delivery system. 15 Efficient and useful development of a health care system needs of equitable gender distribution of women in the health workforce. 19 To collect out such needs ministry of health, Pakistan came up with national health policy in July 2009 which recommended that Federal and health authorities leave behind play a vital role for the development of the health resource in Pakistan. This federal and eclogue wellness authorities testament direct human resource needs based on requirements draw in essential health services package and provincial strategies.It giveing direct and facilitate the inform institutions in reorienting their curricula and training t o being competency-based with enhance exposure to the association and with responsiveness to the local needs and complia nce with international standards. It includes that each district bequeath be cerebrate to a teaching institution so that the latter can provide technical support and supervision to the former to improve rural health care services.All medical graduates will be recommended to be affix to rural centers for a period of at least 6 months after graduation. The Pakistan checkup and Dental Council will ensure that those undergoing post graduate training also circumvolve through district health centers. provincial health authorities will charge and retain germane(predicate) cadres of appropriate health personnel with special focus on staffing district primary care outlets and on recruiting women.Provincial health departments will track human resources for health by establishing a database of doctors, nurses, midwives and allied health professionals working in the BHUs and RHCs across each state of matter and those in training funded by the government. 14 termination A healthy popul ation is not only value in its own right, but it also raises the human capital of a country thereby positively contributing to the economic and social development.A spacious improvement in health sector facilities over the noncurrent year is reflected in the existing large pull inwork of health care facilities which consist of 4712 dispensaries, 5,336 basic health units, 924 hospitals, 906 maternal and pip-squeak health centers and 288 TB centers. Available HR is 122798 doctors, 7388 dentist and 57646 nurses. 20 A major strength of health care services in Pakistan is very strong outreach via about 95,000 dame wellness Workers (LHWs) and an increasing number of community midwives (CMWs).Inspite of all there is a lack of clear semi persistent vision for human resource development, which is necessary to address the imbalances in health workforce with appropriate skills and change motivation, retention and productiveness Human resources in health care are not appropriately plann ed in Pakistan, with the result that there are more doctors than nurses and brainpower drain, along with other issues link up to to curriculum, quality of graduates and their continuing supervision.The service structure for health workers is gravely defined it, favors tenure over competence, mostly ignores technical capacities and does not allow incentives or rewards for performance. The conduct of education for medical, nursing and related cadres is mostly conventional and does not utilize recent d evelopments in the field of medical education. There is no organized system for continuing medical education for any health providers who are also largely unsupervised and at times ill equipped with the skills to tackle acclivitous diseases.National health form _or_ system of government 2010 is include a vision for the role HRH strategy can play in helping to invite the countrys goals for improving health care services for all Pakistanis. In addition, the current HRH sagaciousn ess will serve as turn out for a new HRH strategy to be dev eloped and implemented by the Ministry of health. The national and provincial authorities will comprehensibly plan and bode their human resource requirement for future(a) 10 years according to the proposed services in the respective areas and take risque short term and long term steps to achieve the balance in manpower. 6 Provincial health authorities will also develop, implement and maintain a database of health human resource, including the private sector. across the nation campaigns will be launched to promote the permanent roles that nurse, midwives and allied health professionals may play in providing and delivering efficient services to the public. By Mr. Vikas Jain References 1. Martinez J, Martineau T. Rethinking human resources an agenda for the millennium. Healt h Policy and readiness 1998 2. The world health report 2006 working together for health .geneva, serviceman wellness Organization, 2006. 3. Dr. Zareen Abbasi Assistant professor surgical incision of globe Administration University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Human Resource centering in Pakistan , The elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 2009 4. World Atlas . com http//graphicmaps. com/webimage/countrys/asia/pk. htm 5. http//southasia. oneworld. net/todaysheadlines/healthcare-in-pakistan-too-expensive-to-afford 6. CCF Case study, establishing an HRH coordination process, Pakistan, rascal 1, 2 7. Siddiqi S, Haq IU, Ghaffar a, Akhtar T, Mahaini R.Pakistans maternal and child health policy analysis, lessons and the way forward. health policy 2004 pageboy 117-130. 8. Bhutta ZA, Ali N, Hyder A, Wajid A. perinatal & Newborn grapple in Pakistan comprehend the Unseen Maternal and Child health in Pakistan. Challenges And Opportunities change by Zulfiqar A Bhutta. Ameena Saiyid, Oxford University Press 2004. 9. Narasimhan V, chocolate-brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, Adams O, Dussault G, Elzinga G, et al. Responding to t he global human resources crises. The Lancet 2004 page 14 -72. 10. Martineau T, Martinez J.Human resources in the health sector guidelines for appraisal and strategic development capital of Belgium European Commission, directorate General for Development, health and Development series 1997. 11. Buchan J. What difference does (good) HRM make? Human Resources for Health 2004 12. globular atlas of the health workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization (http//www. who. int/globalatlas, accessed 12 December 2009). 13. Narasimhan V et al. Responding to the global human resources crisis. Lancet, 2004 14. National health policy 2009. capital of Pakistan, Ministry of Health (final draft) (http//www. health. gov. pk, accessed 5 may 2010). 5. Report of the Health System palingenesis Mission Pakistan, World Health Organization get together Nations Children Fund, Department for International Development, United Kingdom, The World Bank, February 19-28, 2007, Islamabad 16. Corruption in t he health sector in Pakistan , Pakistan Health Policy gathering 17. Abdul Hakeem Jokhio B. S. , Ph. D. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, H ealth System managerial Staffing Patterns Public welkin Experience From P akistan, 18. World Health Organization. World Health Report 2003-Shaping the future. Geneva 2003. 19. Pakistan Economic Survey, 2007

Issues in Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues in Terrorism - Essay Example230). However, the thing that needs to be understood is that in a historical sense, the explanation of the term act of terrorism had been increasingly dependent on the interests and intentions of the powers who tried to define terrorism. Hence, the meaning of the term terrorism exit constantly go on changing in the future in consonance with the agenda of the powers which extend the majority narrative.Before elaborating on the relativity of the definition of terrorism, it will indeed be insightful to try to circumscribe the concept of terrorism within the domain of some widely accepted commonalities. It is a reality that in all ages and times, terrorism did evince some common traits and characteristics. To begin with, it would not be wrong to say that terrorism does happen to be a mathematical group and extreme genre of political manipulation (Stout, 2002, p. 65). Most of the times the terrorists do resort to acts of extreme violence to create a n environment of uncertainty and intimidation so as to make people get convinced about the ubiquity and potency of their power and sway. The other particular thing is that the aim of terrorism is incessantly to disseminate a pervasive sentiment of panic and fear. Besides, terrorists also resort to acts of violence to accrue media and popular attention. Also, the most important thing about terrorism is that it contradicts and defies the sacrosanct human values and aspirations.Now, if one considers some of these characteristics that are common to the configuration of a viable definition of terrorism, it is possible to contrive a definition of terrorism which may not be concrete, but still manages to convey a malleable meaning and intent that could be grasped by human system of logic and ethics. However, the sad thing is that if one takes into consideration the historical realities, the act of defining terrorism has always been subservient to the intent and aspirations of the dominan t narrative. It is said that

Study of The UK Food Manufacturing 2036 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Study of The UK Food Manufacturing 2036 - Essay ExampleThe paper has deployed a number of strategic management techniques to determine market condition, consumer demand and position of the companies thereof. SWOT, canker and Porters five force analyses were considered appropriate.Besides business environment, financial and non-financial performance of each company has been assessed along with their cumulative performance for a time period of five years. The paper has elaborately discussed every aspect of business with respect to the subject companies using ratio analysis. The outcomes have also been critically assessed and recommendations have been provided memory in view the future scope of growth and development for the firms.The food sector in the United Kingdom (UK) can be chiefly part in four areas, namely, food manufacturing, food retailing, food wholesaling and non-residential catering. Food is an essential purchase among all early(a)s by consumers and growth of food sect or is being significantly driven by increasing population. Between 1992 and 2008, the food sector of the UK grew parallel with economic boom and stabilised by 2012. The food manufacturing sector is significantly dominate by different kind of foods that can be conveniently categorised as necessity food and luxury food and be further subdivided into other categories (DEFRA, 2014a Manley, 2010).The diversified nature of the UK food manufacture and its contribution in the UK economy makes it an interesting choice of research. The food manufacturing sector is an essential part of the food sedulousness as it acts as a link between agro-food industry of raw material and food retailing and wholesaling. Food manufacturing is also essential for the food industry because it generate employment, provides export opportunities, minimises scope of import and results in great value addition to local produces and local crop producers (ILO, 2014). The research paper

Individualized Education Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individualized Education Program - Essay ExampleFrom the report it is clear thatthe program depicts and portrays the aims and objectives along with the extraordinary assistance that a child may need during the school curriculum. When a child necessitates with special care as he faces complexity and trouble in learning, implementing and executing task or activity, he is likely to fall beneath the category where a child needs IE program.As the discussion highlightswhen the childs quaint and distinctive needs come below inimitable observation by the parents, teachers, school team and even the child himself, the productive and persuasive IE program is probable to develop that plays a great deal of assistance for the student to progress rapidly. The plan and the structure of the program entail deep cognisance and understanding, practice and familiarity, and dedication from the declared people that will make the student engage, engross, improve and grow from the designed course of act ion. The goal setting come under preparation as a foundation stone of IE program and has an aim to have targets that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time restricted.The reflection and the picture that a aroundone views, is created by the lens on the retina that gathers, assemble, concentrates, examine, consign and disseminate the light into the lens of the human hearts.In other words, eyesight or the vision is one of the unique and beautiful gifts from God that a person has. The retina transforms the light that enters into the eyes of the humans into signals that travels to the brain via the optic nerve. When the signals do not reach up to the brains to communicate with the eye or a part of them come under damage, the person falls in the visual price disease. With the advancement of technologies, several medical treatments and surgeries come under performance to repair or bring back the vision of a person. The severe congenital visual impairment refers to the loss of eyesight that is present from nativity however, there can be various reasons that can cause this disease that may include inheritance or may have originated via some contagion that the fetus catches during the mothers pregnancy (Moore &Graves & Patterson, 1997). The visual impairment transports few disabilities as well. Inadequate and narrow leaning skill or the incapableness of learning from the surroundings is one of the sideeffects and distinctive attribute that the children with visual impairment administer and experience. According to the studies, the evidence has come under the feature that much of the learning of students come under occurrence through their vision and the students who are disable with this gift gain knowledge through the signals of image (Roman-Lantzy, 2007). However, this impairment encompasses several complications to the children as an outcome of the injury. Students may have hindrance and interruptions in their growth and progress due to the rea son that their brain may have had some injury. They may demonstrate signs of lacking in their concentrations to sight stimulus. These students when examine, search and seek for any material entity or things, their top priority changes to the sense of touch and witness over their sight. The consequence of the congenital visual impairment may have oscillation to the general health of the child, and may experience and may affect by the diseases

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Climate change - Essay ExampleIndividuals Human activities are frequently blamed as fundament causes of climate change. Similarly, human beings can clean up this mess through little ways. When we are aware of our environment, we gain better consciousness of how we can assist in our homes and workplaces. By sometimes riding a bicycle, walking, or taking a bus, and conservation electricity, we reduce the greenhouse-gases released unto the atmosphere. Recycling is also important in saving resources and energy. U.S. Government Being a developed country, the United States undeniably has a large contribution in producing greenhouse gases that harm the atmosphere. There seems to be no clear-cut federal policies that control or limit such production. However, concerned organizations and experts have several recommendations, and some government leaders pass bills or go through laws in their specific states. For instance, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger implemented law AB 32, whi ch mandates that the states greenhouse gas-emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020, which is about 25% (Walsh 2). The need for firm national leadership regarding the problem is needed, but it is essential to see that laws to encourage citizens to participate are not enough. Rather, specific regulations relevant even to the largest industries should be implemented.

Business assignment 2 Nader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business assignment 2 Nader - Essay Exampleution of the firms privileged resources between all the aspects, such that the firm is able to gain cost efficiencies as well as competitive edge against its competitors. The 4 step set up of management very comprehensively summarizes the vital tasks that have to be runed by a manager. They argon planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is the visionary discussions on how factors have to be distributed, and how a certain project will be finished on time. This is just the pen and paper phase of the management, where the manager is keen on devising a plan which is as crisp as possible, and which can be referred to upon as the project moves on. Organizing is the distribution of the resources among the various departments, various teams, various product divisions etcetera so that every entity can start working as per the plan that was made in the first stage. (Dale, 1969) Then comes the third stage of leadership, where the ma nager has to perform the roles of the leader by motivating his staff to achieve the plan that was made by organizing the resources allocated to them in the best possible manner. And lastly, is the stage of controlling, where the manager has to ensure that the resources are not being misused, that the tasks and duties being assigned to individuals are being fulfilled, and that the plan is going according to what had been decided upon. This last stage is actually a regard and balance stage, which is very important and helps them do any form of corrective actions that might be required.Leadership is the influential power that one holds to motivate, encourage and animise a team to perform better than they usually would and someone who makes a vision and then continuously communicates it to his subordinates, also vigorously trying to increase the exuberance level of individual employees for the attainment of that vision. A leader is someone who is bent upon selling his vision to all h is subordinates, so that a collective effort is exerted upon

The concept of Strategic Planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The concept of Strategic Planing - Essay ExampleAs explained by Creswell & Clark (2007), look for is conducted to gain the missing information and knowledge that is needed to solve a problem. There are various techniques available to conduct researches. This report aims at understanding in detail one of the methods Qualitative research. Before moving into the convey of qualitative research, it is important to cite the available methods. These methods include qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods (Jobber, 2004). David Jobber (2004) highlights in his book the need for market research. Jobber has highlighted the importance of market research and has also emphasizes on how the research provides for accurate and correct results. Jobber (2004) also discusses that the results will help gain the view point of twain the company as well as the customers. The information gained from these researches allows the companies to incorporate the suggestions and feedback into the daily proces ses and thereby improve the overall business making them more successful.A research design strategy is one which includes collection, measuring and analysis of data. Quantitative versus qualitative research methodstwo approaches to organization studies (Lee, 1992). The quantitative research method is a naturalized method to study organizations and is considered objective. Qualitative research has been noted to be subjective and descriptive, its legitimacy often needs to be proven in organization studies (p. 87). It is apparent that qualitative research methods differ from quantitative research methods. Cooper and Schindler (2008) defined qualitative research as an collection of interpretive practices that describe, decode and translate the heart and soul of naturally occurring phenomena in the social world. This means that qualitative research is subjective and deals with words. In contrast, quantitative research has a cause and effect association and deals

Jury Nullification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Jury Nullification - Essay ExampleHowever, this is observed by those opposing the concept, as making certain crimes in the society acceptable, since the perpetrators of such crimes can go unpunished by the laws. Further, the concept of dialog box nullification appears to contravene the provisions of the law, regarding the roles and jurisdiction of the jurors. Jurors are supposed to identify and determine the facts surrounding a certain case, while determining the case based on such facts, and leaving the version of the laws to the judges.However, under the concept of jury nullification, jurors perform both the roles of investigating the facts surrounding the case and determining whether the laws applicable to the case are valid. This is because, under the concept of jury nullification, the jurors can disregard the instructions given by the judges, as well as the laws applicable to the case, and instead apply their conscious to determine the case (Shari, 4). Nevertheless, in consid eration of the benefits and the problems posed by the concept of jury nullification in the justice scheme, this discussion seeks to develop a comprehensive argument in esteem of the concept of jury nullification.Most fundamental is the fact that Jury Nullification serves as a substantial and necessary defense against discriminative laws. The Jury system is enshrined within the concept of the public justice system. This works towards ensuring that the judgments offered by the jurors resonate with the public opinion, more than the laws. While the laws adapted by many countries are meant to meet that justice is done to the aggrieved parties, there are some instances where the legislators enacts certain laws in total disregard of the public opinion or interest, but solely qualification such laws to suit their interests (Keneally, 944). This leaves the general public exposed to the wrath of the legislators, who may be

Journalistic fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Journalistic parable - Essay ExampleTruman Capote was a famous American writer of the 1960s, he is considered to be a representative of the classical American literature of the second half of the 20th century. He was one of the most significant and glittering representatives of the Gothic style in the literature of that years, along with such well-known writers as Harper Lee, William Faulkner, Carson McCullers and Tennessee Williams. The main lines of in his work are considered to be - fiction and documentary. Which he that put together to create the complicated journalistic fiction out of these two already known styles. Summing up the roots sprightliness we can say that Truman Capote was a famous writer and a journalist who is also known as the inventor of the New Journalism a new style of writing which combines the best features of journalism and literature which makes this phenomenon so special. Sometimes it could be called the Narrative journalism. Discussing the issue of the unconventional frontier genres we should emphasize the recognition of the documentation, in particular, the journalistic articles which gains popularity at the end of the 20th century. Is such a novel a fixing of the bare facts or their interpretation, is this a factographic or writings work? There are correspondingly different views concerning who is the author of this novel - either he is an objective spectator and those who record the accurate data or he is an involuntary literary man who claims that the text is a kind of literature and the document is only the evidence. Here the novel which is based on the facts and the author who wrote appear to be in between these two descriptions. On the one hand, such novel is accused of its inaccuracy, so the novel cannot be treated as a document. On the other hand, they say that the journalistic fiction cannot aspire to the role of the high literature and mainly is focused on the

Social communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social communication - Essay Examplefight it/Joseph Stalin, Malenkov, Nasser and Prokofiev/ rock musicefeller, Campanella, Communist Bloc/Roy Cohn, Juan Peron, Toscanini, Dacron/Dien Bien Phu falls, Rock nigh the Clock/Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyns got a winning team/Davy Crockett, Peter Pan, Elvis Presley, Disneyland/Bardot, Budapest, Alabama, Krushchev/Princess Grace, Peyton Place, trouble in the Suez CHORUS Little Rock, Pasternak, Mickey Mantle, Kerouac/Sputnik, Chou En-Lai, straddle on the River Kwai/Lebanon, Charles de Gaulle, California baseball/Starkweather, homicide, children of thalidomide/Buddy Holly, Ben Hur, Space Monkey, Mafia/Hula hoops, Castro, Edsel is a no-go/U-2, Syngman Rhee, Payola and Kennedy/Chubby Checker, Psycho, Belgians in the Congo CHORUS Hemingway, Eichmann, eery in a Strange Land/Dylan, Berlin, Bay of Pigs invasion/Lawrence of Arabia, British Beatlemania/Ole Miss, John Glenn, Liston beats Patterson/Pope Paul, Malcolm X, British politician sex/JFK, bl admit away, what else do I have to say CHORUS Birth control, Ho Chi Minh, Richard Nixon back again/Moonshot, Woodstock, Watergate, punk rock/Begin, Reagan, Palestine, terror on the airline/Ayatollahs in Iran, Russians in Afghanistan/Wheel of Fortune, Sally Ride, heavy metal, suicide/Foreign debts, homeless vets, AIDS, crack, Bernie Goetz/Hypodermics on the shores, Chinas under martial law/Rock and roller cola wars, I cant take it anymore CHORUS We didnt start the fire/But when we are gone/ leave alone it still burn on, and on, and on, and on...White Riot White riot - I want a riot/White riot - a riot of my own/White riot - I want a riot/White riot - a riot of my own/Black people got a deal out a problems/But they dont mind throwing a brick/White people go to school/Where they teach you how to be thick/And everybodys doing/Just what theyre told to/And nobody wants/To go to confine CHORUS All the powers in the hands/Of people rich enough to buy it/While we walk the street/Too chick en to even

MOCK TRIAL ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MOCK TRIAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay ExampleSeveral questions must be addressed so that the plaintiff is assured of a amusement park face in the courts. The background of the jurors is important to note when selecting the potential ones for representation (Walter and James). Firstly, the level of education is of paramount importance. Of pivotal value also is the sum up of members in the family as well as spouses. This activity of asking such questions tries to investigate any prejudices that may be hidden which could authorize to the negation of a fair trial. For instance a jury could have been a victim of such a case in the past and then this aspect may lead to ultimate bias directed towards the defendant thus spoiling the relevance of the case under question. On the other hand, the defendant should likewise exercise solicitude in the selection of the jury to safeguard the rights bestowed in him. The reason behind such undertaking is to prevent unfair circumstances that hamper admini stration of umpire to the aggrieved parties. For example, the defendant in this case must ask about the family members of the potential juror since it can be so coincidental that one of the parties to which he has a relationship leads in a certain insurance company and so on. This could pose challenges because the potential juror may sway favoritism towards the defendant hence no instance of justice would be encountered. The jury out to exhibit dire competence at all costs as well as professionalism to the parties, the defendant and the plaintiff. 2.0 Opening Statement for the Defendants As the case before us exhibits, there is a lot of negligence on the part of the plaintiff. From the instructions presumption by the manufacturer, 1-4B has titanicly been used in the manufacture products in the household platform yet for it to turn dangerous in its GHB form large amounts have to be ingested in very high quantities (Andrew). Notably, production of Princess Beads doesnt use high lev els of this element thus this renders the plaintiffs drive baseless. Additionally, we expressed our responsibility by giving reliable warning information concerning the product hence the plaintiff negligently dismissed this aspect. To this respect, we cant be liable for the inconveniences neither the eventual death of the plaintiffs son, Joey Davis. Specifically, Princess Beads has been positioned strategically in the market to target children of older age than that of Joey we can neer be bound by any law to follow each somebody purchasing Princess Beads to make sure its used appropriately. Thus, its my view, that of the entire company that the plaintiff was responsible for the death of her son by not advising the caregivers to adhere to the instructions directed by the manufacturer. They ought to have played their supervisory role in the manner expected to prevent such unfortunate occurrences. If I was a member of the panel of the jury, I would elect an eloquent person to deliver the opening statement. The person should possess a convincing capacity with powerful elaboration skills so as to make sure that the points are delivered to the resolve in a sequential and orderly manner which is both convincing and reliable (Hamid). The ultimate efficiency with which the same is done therefore adds value to this case and will hence build a strong defense that in not easy to surpass. By so doing therefore, the foregoing will add indemnity points and also give a bearing to the

Is science the only way to discover and describe human behavior Essay

Is science the only way to discover and describe human behavior - Essay ExampleIntuition appears to emerge mostly from unconscious roots (Ward, 2008). Scientists, like Sigmund Freud, tried to explain the origin and nature of intuition. But the capacity of the human mind is too profound, and goes beyond any grasp of reason. In fact, the mind, and thus human behavior, is greatly related to the Divine, or the spirit. Spirit penetrates reality (Ward, 2008). Even so, intuition in people is an ability to have visions or feelings that usher outnot be explained by science or rigid rationality.My behavior, personally, is at times governed by my intuition. There are times, for instance, that I feel a sense of danger or threat about something that I immediately turn away. There is one particular experience I had which confirmed my belief that intuition is not something that science can explain. When I was 22 years old, while I was at a park waiting for a friend, a boy approached me and asked for some money. He said that he had not eaten for days. But a sudden feeling of threat washed over me and I so I told the child that I have no extra money to give to him. And then out of the blue an idea came into my mind in order to help him I must bring him to a affable service agency. I told the boy that I will bring him to a place where there are people who can take care of him. The boy willingly followed me. When we reached the agency, the boy suddenly cried and thanked me. And then the big revelation came the boy told us that he was taken by a group of men three days earlier, while he was playing in a public playground. These men told him to ask money from people. But because of me, the boy happily said that he can now go home.Because of this experience, I decided to ask a psychologist. She told me that what happened to me may not be intuition at all, but an outcome of prior knowledge. She told me that I may have heard, read, or knew about a syndicate that takes children, an d that my decision to take the child to a social service agency was influenced by

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic focussing - Essay ExampleOrganizations usually keep much attention in the maintenance of the strategic plans implemented for dealing with the crisis situation by providing the staff with regular training to acquaint them with essential skills to manage such situation. At lots instances, engagement of a Crisis Management Team (CMT) for dealing with the situation is deemed beneficial and strategically effective. CMTs primary responsibility is to resolve the obstructions of crisis completely and assist the placement to regain its previous smoothness in performing its operations (European Interagency Security Forum, Crisis Management of Critical Incidents). Notably, CMT does not follow the management structure of work. According to the strategic plan for the crisis situations, there exist three stages, which encompass before crisis, during crisis and after crisis situations. CMT, thus, assists with the development of various strategic plans to deal with these stages in the m ost effective manner. In the first stage of crisis situation, i.e. before the crisis, the organizations try to identify the types of crisis that might occur at a given period of time and make plans accordingly. Similarly, during the crisis, the CMT looks after the specific organizational operations affected by the crisis. Also, the time required for the resolution of the crisis is kept in consideration by the CMT. Concerning the stage after crisis, CMT studies the causes responsible for the crisis and communicate precautionary measures so as to avoid similar circumstances in future (Boin and Lagadec185-191). Thesis Statement. This essay int culminations to discuss the role and the significance of strategic management in crisis situations and its implications on organizations. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF PREVALENT CRISIS SITUATIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS Organizational crisis can be referred to particular situational obstacles, where the causes and consequences of organizational non-performances argon unidentified at the sign stage and are therefore, capable of imposing major threat to organizational performances even though the chances of a crisis occurrence are relatively lower. It has often been announced that the remedies to the crisis must be made early in order to prevent any adverse consequence of it on the organization. It is worth mentioning that not all the crisis situations are preventable within the organizational context, such as the crisis arising from external environment. It thus, argued that organization should have the sufficient competency to proactively manage these non-preventable crisis situations. The objective of the crisis management does not end with the resolving of the problem but it also involves identifying measures so that such crisis would not occur again in the future. Thus, the best way of deal and manage the crisis situations is to turn over that every crisis has a life cycle. This life cycle process is termed to be a vital approach for coping up with the organizational crisis. It means that the outline of crisis management must be divided into various segments so that an effective approach can be formulated and implemented by the organization for its

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operation management - Essay Example decrease and Lewis (2008) place three basic verticals for companies such as finance, marketing and operations while finance and marketing activities have close gene linkage to operation management Slack & Lewis (2008, p. 4) defined operation management as it is the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. Consideration of research works of Slack, Chambers & Johnston (2007) and Hsu & Tang (2010) reveals the fact that operation management has close linkage with supply chain activities. Slack, Chambers & Johnston (2007) defined supply chain management as the sequence of activities in order to supply resources throughout every phases of treasure chain. As part of synchronization of supply chain activities and operation management activities facilities, functions and activities argon being used. Facilities- warehouses, processing centres, offices, factories, distribution centres and retail outlets are the place wh ere operations are took place (Slack, 2004). Functions and activities- operation management is collective act and not only operation manager but also supply chain partners and workers tender vital role in performing activities like delivery of the resources or final output to facilities, inventory management, customer service, scheduling of operational activities, information management, presage of future demand, purchasing of material, designing new ingathering, quality assurance testing etc (Slack, 2004). While describing nature of operation management in context to manufacturing sector, Slack (2004) and Slack & Lewis (2008) used the following model. Figure 1 Operation Model (Source Slack & Lewis, 2008) According to the above model, operation management is backed by three strategic verticals such as resources, capabilities of the firm and process that will be deployed in manufacturing new product or processing a service. As part of resources equipments, pecuniary capital, staf f, sourcing from suppliers and technologies is being used in operation management. As part of capabilities of the firm application of state of art technology, quantitative formulation of process and process diagrams are being used by operation managers and respective staff members. As part of process job design, movement of goods in the facilities, process design, new product concept design, new product development etc are being used as part of operation management. So, what is the role or types of activities that operations managers are regard in operation management? Answering the question is not simple because types of activities of operation manager differ significantly with the change in nature of line of merchandise for organizations. For example, operational activities of operations managers in manufacturing plan cannot be same operational activities in bank. However, some basic activities of operations manager for manufacturing facilities can be identified as, 1- managing the resources that are being used in different phases of manufacturing, 2- developing and adjusting production schedule, 3- monitoring and controlling quality in

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Case Study - Essay ExampleBasement and much of first floor occupying the administrative office, emergency room, operations, and cafeteria were flooded to about vi feet. When we inspected the premises to put up a temporary office along with surgical suites and clinical laboratory on the second floor, which was not affected by flood water, we noticed heaps of trash and debris. The task I was assigned, to guide Incident Commander on the safe entry, cleanup procedure, appropriate PPE for all convalescence works, and hazard assessment for the closely critical items or operations that can cause acute or chronic health effects, illness or disease, was most challenging.We recognized that without organizational skills and knowledge of time tested processes we will give little with manpower, massive resources, and technical expertise. Only through a definite write plan, adequate training and basic safety knowledge of the workers engaged in cleaning, and a centralized control and coordina tion such a herculian activity could be materialized. To achieve the goal, following broad overview of the duties and recommendations has been chartered, according to priority, and submitted to the Incident CommanderIndustrial hygienists recognize that engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are the primary means of reducing employee exposure to occupational hazards. Engineering controls minimize employee exposure by either reducing or removing the hazard at the source or isolating the worker from the hazards. (NOSH interim recommendations for the cleaning and remediation of flood-contaminated HVAC system A guide for building owner and managers, 2004). Being a hospital, the main Industrial Hygiene concerns for our team and the clean-up recovery workers were exposure to scratch and respiratory disorders. It is possible that during flooding the systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) could

Critical Analysis of the US Electoral College Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis of the US Electoral College EssayElectoral College is a term that refers to a selected group of representatives who perform the task of electing prognosiss for particular powerful offices such as presidents or church leaders. The selection process of electing candidates usually involves participants from different and competing political or religious entities. In the recent past, the Electoral College has been conspicuously practiced in electing the President of the United Stats and the Pope of the Catholic Church.It is the US Electoral College that has particularly bony much concern as to its effectiveness and reliability in electing the president of the federal republic. This essay identifies some of the problems associated with the Electoral College and analyses the implications of the suggested modifications and alternatives. Analysis of the US Electoral College In the United States, the Electoral College system is used to elect the President from competi ng candidates from either the Republican Party, the Democratic Party of independent candidates.See more how to write an abridgmentRather than elect a president and a vice-president nowadays finished national elections, the US conducts separate elections in all its 51 states during which the winner in each state is allocated the number of electoral votes proportional to the total representation of the state in Congress which has a total of 538 electoral voters. The winner of the presidential contests is expected to win a total of 270 votes of the Electoral College.Although the design of the Electoral College was clever and well intentioned, the system is susceptible to inherent flaws, some of which were resolved by constitutional amendments while others remain unresolved to date (Miller, 2008). Indeed, as Miller (2008) noted, the selection system established by the Electoral College has at its core the nonsubjective to foster fairness in the election of candidates in non-partisan environment, the motive was rendered irrelevant with the formation of competing political parties to compete in the selection process for the presidency.There is no doubt that the Electoral College system presents many challenges and problems to the fairness of the Presidential election in the US which include the problem of election reversal, problems with the choose power, partisan biasness, luxuriant focus on battleground states and the likelihood of pledge violations. One obvious problem that emerges from the Electoral College system is that the results of adding up the total electoral votes in the states whitethorn end up being different from adding up the total popular votes in all those states.Miller (2008) identifies the situation of the 2000 elections where the eventual winner, George W. had more electoral votes still less popular vote than the loser, Albert Gore. Moreover, in the event that there emerges a serious third party contestant, then it would be impossible for any candidate to garner the mandatory 270 electoral votes. According to the US constitution, the emergence of such an eventuality would require that the election process be taken to the Congress where voting should be conducted repeatedly until a victor emerges.Whereas there are concerns if the Electoral College represents adequate allocation of voting powers to all the states, there are also concerns as two whether the bipartisanship of the two-party system in the US is likely to represent non-partisan election of the president. Moreover, the focus of the Electoral College on the battleground states attracts disproportionate attention from parties and their candidates, efficaciously raising questions on the voting powers of the other states.Conclusion Some of the suggested proposals suggested include (1) amending the constitution to empower the American with the constitutional rights to directly elect the president through a popular vote (2) assignation of the electoral votes fr actionally according to the population of states so as to eliminate the problem of election reversal and (3) equal apportionment of the electoral votes to all states to eliminate the problem of state voting powers.The proposal to amend the constitution so as to give American the constitutional rights to directly elect the president stands out as the most superior suggestion because it will eliminate all the problems and challenges associated with the Electoral College. References Miller, N. R. (2008). The US electoral college Origins, transformation, problems and prospects. UMBC, retrieved on 22 May 2009 from http//userpages. umbc. edu/nmiller/RESEARCH/ELECTCOL. CONSTDAY. ppt.

Persuasive Analysis Animal Tesing Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Analysis Animal Tesing EssayFor centuries animals have been experimented on for human benefits. state tend to forget that millions of animals ar being tortured and even killed during the process of these extremely pestiferous experiments. There argon many other, more humane ways to test products that do not result in animals being harmed. For years now millions of helpless animals are suffering for our benefits. It is not fair for these harmless animals to rattling their entire lives in agony. Bleeding, blindness, liver problems, and ulceration, these are just some of the serious side effects of animal examen. The animals go through days and days of painful experiments, only to result in their deaths. About 50% of the animals used in these experiments die within the first two weeks and only 31% of those are euthanized to wiretap their suffering.Beauty is pain is a phrase that is commonly heard. But this saying has a whole new meaning in cosmetic testing labs w here animals are being tested on all around the globe. Most women do not think twice when buying a cosmetic product. When girls put on their mascara in the morning I doubt they wonder which animal suffered to make this? The truth that no one wants to face is that the human race is extremely selfish. argon cosmetic products that important that we need to kill innocent animals just so we can safely wear them? Testing cosmetics on animals is not necessary. There are many others ways to test products that would not result in animals being harmed. Technology has become so advanced scientists could run their tests through computers instead of testing on animals.The way in which animals and human being react to their environments, both physiologically and behaviorally, can be drastically different compared to humans. Animals have smaller blood vessels than humans that are distributed differently throughout their bodies. Makes you wonder why scientists in the testing labs bother testing on animals in the first place. Animals are living creatures that are experimented on against their free will. When will this animal cruelty stop? It is no different than someone beating their dog, and they get charged in caught.

Importance of Computer in Schools Essay Example for Free

Importance of Computer in Schools EssayTara Dodrill began writing professionally in 1990. She is a travel generator and photographer working for print and online media, primarily covering Florida, ecotourism and off-the-beaten-path destinations. Her writing credits include RUMBUM, Yahoo News, Visit South magazine,and North Carolina Coastal Guide. She studied news media and education at Ohio University and real estate at Hondros College. Computer classes in schools are important to a well-rounded education. Students are instructed on the basics of data processor give as early as kindergarten.Educational software, often presented in a game-like format, entertains younger students while they learn key concepts. ? Technology Skills * The importance of computing machine study in schools goes beyond the reinforcement of classroom subjects and remedial assistance. Nearly all students will be faced with the need for engineering skills when they attend college or enter the workforce . Keyboarding Classes * Keyboarding classes in elementary schools mystify replaced the old-fashioned typing classes once offered in high schools.Students learn at a young age how to use computers to generate reports, type essays and research homework assignments. * Career Preparation * Computer skills learned in middle school and high school will bring in students during higher education courses and their careers. Students as young as 12 learn how to create Power Point presentations, video projects and photo slideshows. Online Access * By tuition how to use computers, students even in low-income areas have access to the world at large.Online learning courses, which were once a rarity at colleges, now comprise a large portion of some schools course catalogs. Adult Learners * Students who are introduced to computer courses at an early age adapt quickly to advances in technology, and typically do not fear additional training and new concepts as adult learners. Effect of Science and technology in our lives As what I understand roughly how Science and Technology affects our lives, That there are advantages and disadvantages. The Advantages are, it makes our lives simple by using equipment that asshole easily finish and do well the work or job.We can save more time and energy so that we can perform and do our other job. We can now easily communicate our love ones and relatives by using cellphone and internet, it can connect us even they are in the other part of the world and then with digital camera, we can distinguish them solely like they are in front of us. Technology now can give us more information about what are happening around the world that help us to get aware and prepare for disaster and calamity that might happen in our country or in our place.Science and Technology can cure our diseases, provide us shelter and foods for crowd people. Most of the people think that there are more advantages of lore and technology as compare to the disadvantages. The major advantage of science and technology is that it has made our lives easier like invention of technology has decreased the manual work. The use of technology in agriculture has increased our productivity. Doing work at workplaces is easier because of invention of computers and notebooks.Development of technology in kitchens, beauty parlors, workplace, research labs and in all fields of bread and butter has become the necessity. Now we can study and understand our history,culture and society and by the help of Science and Technology we can share our stories of whats happening in our life, what we search and what we discover to by this way we can also help the children of the next generation. The major advantage of technology and science is to assist mankind in life story well and more easily and in better health.There is also disadvantages on Science and Technology Many years comes our atmosphere slowly demean because of the air pollution that came from the factory and it can cause Green House Effect (GHE) it is a process by which thermal radiation from a nomadic surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gasses and is re-radiated in all directions. And it is harm for the people. Science and Technology make people lazy because people just depend on it and not do there work well.It will increased the anxiety of our lives, when technology goes in the wrong hand it can have an negative impact in our society it can create cyber crime, hacking, stealing of personal information and pornography websites. It also gives opportunities to the terrorist to make crime like bombing. As technology develops we forget our traditions style of living. it simply destroying our life styles. It also destroying our nature because of illegal logging, and mining and others, this is the cause of landslide and flood that can kill many people because nature cant stop it anymore.

New Ternary Fe-Ni-Cu Invar Alloys Preparation

New tercet Fe-Ni-Cu Invar Alloys PreparationPreparation and Characterization of New Ternary Fe-Ni-Cu Invar intermixturesS Ahmada, A B Ziya1, a, A Ibrahimb, S Atiqb, N Ahmada and F BashircAbstract.Six totallyoys of Fe65Ni35-xCux(x= 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4, 1.8 at.%) have been prep ard by conventional arc-melting technique and characterized by utilizing in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a range from room temperature to 773 K for determination of phase. The studies show that these alloys form face centered cubiform (FCC) through extinct the investigated temperature range. The X-ray integrated intensities of various reflections were used to determine the coefficient of thermic expansion (T), mean squ atomic number 18 amplitude of vibrations and characteristic Debye temperature D. The ternary substitution of blur has a minor take on the grill tilt but the Debye temperature D is found to decrease with the increase of cop content in the alloy. The coefficients of thermal expansion (T) were found to be comparable to those for conventional Fe-Ni invar alloys.KeywordsInvar alloys lattice arguings thermal expansion X-ray diffractionIntroductionIron rich invar alloys have been of keen by-line for researchers and developers, for their own reasons and interests, since their discovery in 1898 Guillaume and Hebd (1987) because of their unique set of properties labeled as invar anomaly or invar effect. A number of theories and models have been postulated to explain these deviations in the demeanour of these alloys from other materials but still there are many queries unresolved Sanyal and Bose (2000) Iwase et al (2003) Matsushima et al (2006) Goria et al (2010) Yichun et al (2009) Tabakovic et al (2010) Pepperhoff et al (2001) Duffaut et al (1990) Matsushita et al (2008). One of the most important property of these alloys that made them most sought for material for applications in especially the electrical/ elect ronic precision instruments is their very down in the mouth coefficient of thermal expansion around room temperature as compared to other metals and alloys. But, these materials also have their limitations and to overcome them, the researchers have either made ternary additions to the basic alloy or have turned their focus onto other combinations of elements termed as invar type Ono et al (2007) Matsushita et al (2004) Gorria et al (2006) Zhichao et al (2002) Rongjin et al (2010) Kaji et al (2004) Matsushita et al (2009) Matsushita et al (2007). For example, in some electrical/electronic applications another important property required in candidate material is good electrical conductivity. Iron found invar alloys cannot be grouped as good electrical conductors. Consequently, to develop invar alloys that exhibit inherent low coefficient of expansion and comparatively discontinue electrical conductivity, ternary additions of elements manage copper have been studied Stolk et al (19 99) Bernhard et al. (1987). Not to mention such addition is expected to decrease the manufacturing cost. Many research groups have undertaken the study of effect of addition of copper onto invar properties of double star iron nickel alloys but lacked correlation between the copper addition to change or no change in invar properties. This study has been carried out to correlate the invar effect to ternary addition of copper to base iron nickel invar alloy by replacing nickel with copper and to determine thermal properties of the freshly developed alloys for comparison with same properties of double star invar alloys.Experimental methodsFor this study, one binary Fe65Ni35 (subscript indicates atomic percent of the element) and five ternary Fe65Ni35-xCux where x was selected to be equal to 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4 and 1.8 were prepared. High purity elements (99.9%) were weighed and combined on water cooled hearth of a vacuum arc melter. The process was carried in 600 mbar argon ambience creat ed after evacuating the chamber to 10-5 mbar pressure. The alloys were melted several times to ensure thorough mixing of the ingredients. To ensure homogeneity, the samples were then heated under vacuum in a Nebertherm furnace at 1273 K approximately for one hundred and seventy hours. Homogenized samples were then weighed as come up as chemically analyzed and found to be well within the selected range of set composition.Each sample was then cold rolled to about 0.2 mm thickness and then heated at 1273 K for four hours to remove rolling stresses. Samples of suitable dimensions were then cut from each(prenominal) strip for characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).XRD was carried out in a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with MRI high temperature chamber fitted with PtRh heater element. Operating conditions for the X-ray tube were set at 40 kV and 40 mA. The diffraction patterns were recorded in the step scan mode in the 2- range from 20 to 120o with a step of 0.01o. The in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction of all samples was carried out in 10-6 mbar vacuum with Ni-filtered CuK radiation from room temperature to 473 K with a step of 20 K and thereon with a step of 50 K till 773 K. DSC of all samples was carried out on SBT-Q600 differential scanning calorimeter from room temperature to 1473 K at a heating rate of 20 K/ minute of arc under argon atmosphere.3. Results and discussion3.1. Structure and lattice parametersDSC scans of the six selected invar alloys were measured (not shown here). No sharp exothermal or endothermal peak was observed in the investigated temperature range, it is thus assumed that the samples were single phase. Room temperature XRD patterns of binary classical invar alloy of Fe65Ni35 and ternary alloys of Fe65Ni35-xCux (x=0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4 and 1.8) are shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that all alloys are single phase and possess face centered cubic (FCC) lattice structure in confirmation to already published data on uniform alloy systems Ono et al. (2007). The lattice parameters of the samples under study were refractory by the extrapolation of lattice parameters for all reflections against Nelson-Riley function to minimize the random errors Ziya et al (2006). The judges of calculated lattice parameters are given in Table 1. It can be seen that copper addition to the binary composition causes marginal decrease in the lattice parameter as expected because the copper with smaller atomic radii replaced nickel atoms in the structure of relatively larger radius.3.2 Thermal parametersTo investigate invar effect in the newly developed alloys, it was planned to measure / calculate three major thermal properties / parameters vis--vis temperature namely, coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature and mean square amplitude of vibration. The results obtained for each of them are discussed in bring home the bacon sub sections.3.2.1 Thermal expansionTo investigate invar effect in these newly developed alloys, high temperature XRD technique was employed. A common observation from the scans of all the samples was that these samples are single phase alloys and no phase change occurred in any of the alloy up to scan temperature (773 K). This observation is consistent with the results of DSC measurements.One of the major parameter relating to invar effect is coefficient of thermal expansion which is primarily a reflection of change in lattice parameter with temperature. Temperature dependence of lattice parameter was calculated for each sample from the high temperature XRD data collected during this study. Scan at smaller step, 20 K up to 473 K and then larger step of 50 K to the maximum temperature, 773 K was set based upon the results published in literature for similar type of invar alloys. For calculation purpose data pertaining to (311) peak of binary alloy, (220) peak of Fe65Ni34.8Cu0.2 and (400) peak for all other composition w as used. Selection of these peaks was solely made due to their better temperature dependence over the entire temperature range. It can be seen that in all the samples the lattice parameter almost remains unchanged up to about 473 K and there onward, the lattice parameter increases negligibly to a maximum of about 0.004 A at the maximum test temperature. However, the effect of increase in temperature on increase in lattice parameter in binary alloy is gradual and almost linear whereas, in ternary alloys, the increase in lattice parameter up to 473 K is insignificant but beyond this temperature it is visible and becomes steep with increase in copper content. Coefficient of thermal expansion (T) was then calculated by least square fitting the calculated lattice parameter data to second degree polynomial(T) = A + BT + CT2Where constant A re ease ups lattice parameter of alloy at absolute zero, while B is the linear term coefficient and C represents the nonlinear term. The calculated de termine of (T) and these constants are tabulated in Table 2 whereas (T) versus temperature is plotted in figure 2. It was found that no appreciable change occurs in the thermal coefficient () with temperature which is in line with the conclusion from the lattice parameter calculations. Further, the values of thermal coefficient (T) calculated in this study fight very well to the values reported earlier for Fe-Cu alloys by other researchers such as (Goria et al. 2004 ). He (Goria et al. 2004) has reported (T) for said alloys in the range of 310-6K-1 at a temperature of 350 K whereas in the present study same value of (T) has been found up to the temperature of 450 K. Based upon above presented results and their analysis it can be concluded that these ternary alloys possess invar characteristics up to test temperature range.3.2.2The Debye temperatures and the mean square amplitudes of vibrationDebye temperature is usually determined from the slope of ln(Iobs/Ical) versus temperature curves which is then subsequently used to fetch mean square amplitude of vibrations. Detailed procedure is already presented elsewhere 30. Accordingly, the ratio of the observed and calculated intensities for each composition over the investigated temperature range was determined for selected Bragg reflections after stripping K2-components from peak intensity. The peaks selected were (200) for binary, 0.2 at.% Cu and 1.4 at.% Cu containing alloys, (220) for 0.6 at.% Cu and (400) for 1 at.% and 1.8 at.% Cu containing alloys. Again the reflection lines were selected based on their relatively better dependence on temperature and integrated intensities were then determined from selected data by employing a line profile fit software. The results are presented in figure 3. It may be noted that for alloy containing 1.8 at.% Cu, the intensity data below 350 K has not been included because of excessive scatter. Apart from this exception, for all other compositions and temperatures the poi nts lie well along the fitted line. Debye temperature(D) was then determined and plotted for all samples over the test temperature range in figure 4. First of all, these values have been found to be in close concurrence to those reported in literature (Gorria et al. 2009). In addition, from the comparison of these curves with each other two major facts can be deduced firstly, the value of D decreases as the amount of copper in the alloy increases, secondly up to the temperature of 473 K, D for each composition remains almost unaffected by the increase in temperature. However, beyond this temperature and up to the maximum increased temperature, the value of D decreases. These observations are in line with earlier findings that in these alloys invar effect is present up to 473 K because increase in length due to anharmonicity is compensated with magnetostricion. Furthermore, decrease in D value both with increase in Cu content as well as increase in test temperature indicates softeni ng of the material.Mean square amplitude of vibrations ( was then calculated from the D values as explained in reference (Ziya and Ohshima 2006). The result is tabulated in Table 3. Again the results indicate that there is very slight variation in with increase in temperature for every alloy composition.4.ConclusionsEffect of copper addition in different percentages to binary iron nickel invar alloy has been investigated through in-situ XRD over a temperature range of 298 to 773 K. Thermal properties, i.e. the coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature and mean square amplitude of vibrations of each of the ternary alloy has been determined and compared to the binary invar alloy prepared for this study as well as with the results published by other researchers for similar alloys. The results indicate that the newly developed ternary alloys exhibit Invar effect up to added copper contents although the temperature range is marginally decreased with the increase in copper cont ents.ReferencesBernhard H, Volker B, and Jurgen H 1987 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 70 423Duffaut F and Tiers J-F 1990, Industerial application of Invar, J. Written(Ed), The Invar Effects, TMS, Palo Alto, CA, P. 238Guillaume Ch. E and Hebd C R 1987 Seances Acad. Sci. 125 235Goria P , Martinez-Blanco D, Jesus A B, Ronald I S 2010 J. Alloys and Compounds 495 495Gorria P, Martinez-Blanco D, Iglesias R, Palacios S L, Perez M J, Blanco J A, Barquin F, Hernanddo A, Gonzalez M A 2006 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 300 229Gorria P , Martinez-Blanco D, Blanco J A, Hernando A, Garitaonandia J S, Barquin L F ,Campo J and Ronald I S 2004 Phys Rev B 69 214421Gorria P, Martinez-Blanco D, Blanco J A, Maria J P, Hernando A, Maria A L, Daniel H, Souza-Neto N, Ronald I S, Marshall W G, Garbarino G, Mezouar M, Fernandez-Martinez A, Chaboy J, Barquin L F, Rodriguez Castrillon J A, Moldovan M, Garcia A J, Zhang J, Liobet A and Jiang J S 2009 Phys Rev B 80 06442Iwase A, Hamatani Y, Mukomoto Y, Ishikawa N, Chimi Y, Kambara T, C.Muller C, R. Neumann, Ono F 2003 thermonuclear Instruments and Methods in physical science Research B 209 323Kaji S, Chiyoda S, Saito R, Oomi G, Yoshimura M, Tokunaga A and Kagayama T 2004 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 272-276 792Liu Y, Lei L, Jiake L, Shen B, Wenbin Hu 2009 J. Alloys and Compounds 478 750Lu Z, Dern L, and Junyi L 2002 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 239 502Matsushima Y, Sun N Q, Kanamitsu H, Matsushita M , Iwase A, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kambara T and Ono F 2006 J. of Mag and Mag. Mat 298 14Matsushita M, Inoue T, Yoshimi I, Kawamura T, Kono Y, Irifun T, Kikgaw T, Ono F 2008 Phy Rev B 77 064429Matsushita M, Endo S, Miura K, and Ono F 2004 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 269 393Matsushita M, Ogiyama H and Ono F 2009 J of Mag and Mag. Mat 321 595Matsushita M, Endo S and Ono F 2007 J of Mag and Mag. Mat 310 1861Ono F, Matsushima Y, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kambara T, Iwase A 2007 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 310 1864Ono F, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kanamitsu H, Matsushita Y, Iwase A, and Kambara T 2007 Nuclear Inst ruments and Methods in Physics Research B 257 402Pepperhoff W and Acet M 2001 Constitution and Magnetism of Iron and its Alloys, Springer, Berlin p. 106Rongjin, Huang, Zhixiong W , Xinxin C, Huihui Y, Zhen C and Laifeng L 2010 Solid stat sci 12 1977Sanyal S and Bose S K 2000 Phy. Rev. B 62 12730Stolk J and Manthiram A 1999 Mat. Sci and Eng. B 60 112Tabakovic I, Inturi V, Thurn J and Kief M 2010 electchem. Acta. 55 6749Ziya A B and Ohshima K 2006 J. alloys and compound 425 1231 To whom all accord should be addressedEmail emailprotected Tel. No. +92-61-9239942 Fax +92-61-9210068